US Realty Training – Career Blog

Q: How many questions are on the Pennsylvania real estate exam?

The exam has 120 scored items — 80 national and 40 state questions — plus 5–10 unscored pilot questions.

Q: What is the passing score for the PA real estate exam?

You must earn at least 75% on each part: 60 correct of 80 national questions and 30 correct of 40 state questions.

Q: How much time do I get to finish the test?

You have 150 minutes for the national portion and 60 minutes for the state portion.

Q: Can I take the Pennsylvania real estate exam online?

Yes. Since late 2024 you may choose either an in-person Pearson VUE center or an online OnVUE session proctored at home.

Q: What does the Pennsylvania real estate exam cost?

The fee is $49 per attempt, covering both the state and national sections of the test.

Q: How soon do I get my results?

Your pass-or-fail result appears on screen immediately after submitting the exam.

Q: What is the pass rate for the Pennsylvania real estate exam?

61% of first-time test takers pass the national portion, and only 46% pass the state-specific section on their first attempt.

What is Real Estate Puffing?

Real Estate Career

4 min

Have you ever encountered a real estate agent who can't stop singing the praises of a property they're showing you? They might say it's the best deal for the price or claim it's the finest property they've ever come across. Maybe you're a seller, and agents are promising you a quick sale at an inflated price, claiming they have eager buyers lined up.

While this kind of talk might make you lean toward choosing that agent, it's essential to understand that this could be a case of real estate puffing. So what is puffing? Let’s take a closer look.

What Is Real Estate Puffing?

Real estate puffing is a deceptive practice where salespeople or marketing materials exaggerate certain aspects of a property to entice buyers. It's not just limited to real estate agents; it can happen in any sales-driven industry. But is puffing illegal? No. Puffing is considered more of an opinion rather than a factual misrepresentation, so it doesn't fall under the same category as fraud. This means that if you end up with a less-than-ideal deal, you can't sue your agent for puffing. Because of this, you’ve got to know how to identify the red flags to protect yourself from puffing.

Protecting Yourself From Puffing

So, how can you safeguard yourself from falling prey to exaggerated sales pitches? Here are some tips for both sellers and buyers:

Experience Matters

When choosing an agent, their experience is crucial. Don't just take their word for it; verify their claims. Ask about the number of years they've been in the business, the number of deals they've closed, and the types of properties they've handled. This information will give you a clearer picture of their expertise. Research their real estate background to verify their claims.

Realistic Selling Price

If an agent tells you your property is worth significantly more than the market rate, be wary. This could be a tactic to secure your listing. Research market trends and compare prices of similar properties to ensure you're getting a fair estimate. Ask the broker for a comparative market analysis report. A CMA is a report prepared by a real estate agent to help a client determine the value of a home. The report analyzes three or more recently sold properties similar to the home in question based on their similarities in size, location, age, and quality.

CMAs are a valuable tool that buyers can use to ensure they're making a competitive offer on a home. CMAs are also used by sellers to help determine an accurate listing price.

Due Diligence

Always do your homework. Whether you're buying or selling, gather as much information as possible about the property, the neighborhood, and the market. This will help you make informed decisions and avoid being swayed by exaggerated claims. That homework is what the law expects of buyers under caveat emptor, or buyer beware.

Professional Opinions

Consider getting a second opinion from another agent or a real estate expert. This can provide a more balanced view and help you see past any puffing.

Is Real Estate Puffing on the Real Estate Exam

Understanding real estate puffing is not only crucial for navigating property transactions but also for acing your real estate exam. Here's how it's related:

Ethical Practices

The exam often includes questions on ethics and professional conduct. Knowing the difference between puffing and misrepresentation is key to answering these questions correctly and practicing ethically.

Legal Knowledge

The exam tests your understanding of laws related to advertising and sales practices. Being aware of the legal boundaries of puffing can help you avoid legal issues in your career.

Client Communication

Effective communication is a critical part of the exam and your real estate practice. Recognizing the line between highlighting positives and puffing can improve your client interactions.

Risk Management

Knowledge of puffing is essential for managing risks associated with real estate transactions. Avoiding exaggerated claims can protect you from potential legal problems and maintain your professional reputation.

Final Thoughts on Puffing

While real estate puffing is not illegal, it's important to be aware of it and take steps to protect yourself. By doing your research, asking the right questions and seeking professional advice, you can navigate the waters of real estate transactions more confidently and avoid being misled by exaggerated claims. Furthermore, understanding puffing's relevance to the real estate exam can help you prepare more effectively and build a solid foundation for your career in real estate.

Want to Be Better Prepared for Your Exam?

Our exam prep package has got you covered. With comprehensive study materials, practice questions, and expert guidance, we'll help you ace your real estate exam with confidence. Don't leave your success to chance—get the support you need to succeed in your real estate career.

Real Estate Career

Real property vs. personal property: what stays in a sale

Terminology

6 min

Sellers take the chandelier. Buyers expect it to stay. That argument has killed more deals at the closing table than most agents expect, and it all comes down to one distinction: real property vs. personal property.

This guide gives you the plain-English definitions, real examples of each, the five-factor MARIA test for fixtures, and the way this topic shows up on every state's real estate exam.

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Quick answers

Question	Quick answer
What's the main difference between real and personal property?	Real property is land plus anything permanently attached to it. Personal property is anything movable.
What is a fixture?	An item that started as personal property and became real property when it was permanently attached, like a ceiling fan.
How do courts decide if an item is a fixture?	The MARIA test: method of attachment, adaptability, relationship of the parties, intention, and agreement.
Are appliances real or personal property?	Built-in appliances stay with the house. Freestanding appliances go with the seller unless the contract says otherwise.
Are leased solar panels real property?	No. The leasing company owns them, so they stay personal property. Owned, permanently installed panels are real property.
Will this be on the real estate exam?	Yes. Every state exam tests real vs. personal property and the fixture rules.

What is considered real property?

Real property is the land itself plus everything permanently attached to it, including buildings, fixtures, and the legal rights that come with ownership. Real property is the legal term for land and anything affixed to it so firmly that removing it would damage the property.

That covers more than dirt and walls. Real property includes:

The land, plus the soil, minerals, and water within the property's boundaries
Buildings and permanent structures, from homes to detached garages and decks
Fixtures such as built-in appliances, hardwired lighting, plumbing, and installed flooring
Landscaping that's rooted or built in, like mature trees and retaining walls
Appurtenances, which are rights and improvements that transfer with the land. Our guide to what appurtenant means in real estate breaks these down.

Real property also includes the legal rights of ownership, known as the bundle of rights in real estate: the rights to possess, control, enjoy, exclude, and dispose of the property.

The working rule: if removing an item would damage the property or require real modification, it's real property.

What is personal property in real estate?

Personal property is anything movable that isn't permanently attached to land or a building. Personal property, also called chattel, is any item a person owns that can be picked up and moved without altering the real estate.

Common examples include furniture, freestanding appliances, electronics, rugs, curtains, lawn equipment, vehicles, and potted plants. The seller takes all of it when they move, unless the purchase agreement says otherwise.

Here's a side-by-side comparison you can use as a quick reference:

Stays with the house (real property)	Goes with the seller (personal property)
Built-in dishwasher and oven	Freestanding refrigerator
Hardwired ceiling fans and sconces	Plug-in lamps
Installed hardwood, tile, and wall-to-wall carpet	Area rugs
Custom built-in bookcases	Freestanding shelving
Mature trees and retaining walls	Potted plants and patio furniture
Curtain rods and blinds	Curtains and drapes
Owned, roof-mounted solar panels	Leased solar panels

How do you tell if something is a fixture? Use the MARIA test

The MARIA test decides whether an item is a fixture by weighing five factors: method of attachment, adaptability, relationship of the parties, intention, and agreement. A fixture is an item that was once personal property but became real property when it was permanently attached to the building or land. Cornell Law School's Legal Information Institute has the formal legal definition of a fixture if you want the textbook version.

MARIA is one of the acronyms every exam taker should know cold. We cover the rest in our list of real estate exam acronyms.

M: Method of attachment

If removing the item requires tools or would damage the property, it's a fixture. A hardwired wall sconce stays. A plug-in lamp goes.

A: Adaptability

Items custom-built for the space stay. A bench built into a bay window is real property. A freestanding bench is personal.

R: Relationship of the parties

In close calls, courts favor the buyer over the seller and the tenant over the landlord.

I: Intention

What did the installer intend? A permanent improvement points to a fixture. Holiday lights screwed into the eaves are temporary. Permanent LED strip lighting was meant to stay.

A: Agreement

A written contract overrides everything above. A clause like "Seller retains the antique mirror over the mantel" turns a would-be fixture back into personal property.

When factors conflict, agreement wins. Get every questionable item in writing. That single habit prevents almost every fixture dispute.

Are appliances real or personal property?

Built-in appliances are real property, and freestanding appliances are personal property. An integrated refrigerator paneled into the cabinetry stays with the house. The freestanding fridge that plugs into the wall leaves with the seller.

The gray zone is anything that's connected but removable: stacked washer-dryer units bolted to the wall, a microwave mounted into custom cabinetry, a wine fridge slotted under the counter. Don't let the MARIA test settle it after the fact. List each appliance in the purchase agreement as included or excluded, and the question never comes up.

Are solar panels real or personal property?

Owned solar panels that are permanently installed are real property, while leased panels remain the leasing company's personal property. The bolts on the roof don't decide this one. Ownership does.

When the homeowner owns the system outright, it passes the MARIA test and transfers with the deed, and an appraiser can count its value. When the panels are leased or tied to a power-purchase agreement, the company that owns them can repossess them, so lenders and appraisers treat them as personal property. Fannie Mae's Selling Guide spells out this distinction for financed properties. The buyer has to assume or renegotiate the lease, which is a conversation worth having early, not at closing.

Why does the difference matter in a real sale?

The real-vs-personal distinction matters because it decides what the buyer is paying for and what the seller can take. Most fixture fights are emotional, not financial. The dining room chandelier was grandma's. The custom dog door took three weekends to install.

Two moves prevent the drama. Sellers who want to keep a fixture should swap it out before the first showing, because buyers can't fall in love with a light fixture they never saw. Buyers who want the seller's personal property, like that patio set or the freestanding wine fridge, should write it into the offer instead of assuming. For a closer look at the categories themselves, see our guide to how fixtures work in a home sale.

How does this show up on the real estate exam?

Every state's licensing exam tests real vs. personal property, usually with a scenario question about a fixture. Expect a tricky object, like leased solar panels or a tenant's window air conditioner, with a question about which MARIA factor controls. Method of attachment and intention break most ties, and a written agreement beats both.

This topic also leans on vocabulary: fixture, chattel, appurtenance, trade fixture, emblements. If those aren't second nature yet, start with our real estate vocabulary guide and drill from there.

The takeaway

Real property stays, personal property goes, and the MARIA test settles everything in between. Master the definitions, then practice spotting fixtures in scenario questions, because that's exactly how the exam will test you.

Want unlimited practice questions that mirror the real exam, plus flashcards for every term in this article? Start the US Realty Training exam prep package and find out which topics you've already mastered.

Exam Prep

Real Estate Ownership Explained (Guide)

Terminology

3 min

Real estate ownership is a fundamental concept for both aspiring homeowners and real estate professionals preparing for the real estate exam. Understanding the different forms of ownership in real estate is essential for navigating the legal and financial aspects of property transactions. In this blog post, we'll discuss the various types of real estate ownerships, each with its distinct features and implications.

Sole Ownership:

Sole ownership, also known as ownership in severalty, is when a single individual holds the title to a property. This type of ownership grants the owner complete control over the property, allowing them to sell, lease, or transfer it at their discretion.

Example: John purchases a condo solely in his name. He has full authority to sell, lease, or transfer the property without approval from anyone else.

Joint Tenancy:

Joint tenancy is a form of co-ownership where two or more individuals hold equal shares of a property. A key characteristic of joint tenancy is the right of survivorship, which means that upon the death of one owner, their share automatically transfers to the surviving owner(s).

Example: Sarah and Tom, who are not married, buy a house together as joint tenants with equal shares. If Tom passes away, his share automatically goes to Sarah.

Tenancy in Common:

Similar to joint tenancy, tenancy in common involves multiple owners. However, in this arrangement, each owner can have unequal shares, and there is no right of survivorship. Upon the death of an owner, their share can be passed on to heirs or designated beneficiaries.

Example: Lisa, Mark, and Jane buy an investment property together as tenants in common. Lisa owns 50%, Mark owns 30%, and Jane owns 20%. If Mark dies, his share can be inherited by his heirs.

Tenancy by the Entirety:

This form of ownership is exclusive to married couples. Like joint tenancy, it includes the right of survivorship, but it also offers additional protections, such as preventing one spouse from selling or mortgaging the property without the other's consent.

Example: Married couple Emily and Alex buy a home as tenants by the entirety. If one spouse dies, the other automatically becomes the sole owner, and creditors of one spouse cannot claim the property.

Community Property:

In some states, married couples can own property as community property. This means that any assets acquired during the marriage are considered equally owned by both spouses, regardless of whose name is on the title.

Example: In a state with community property laws, Hector and Maria, who are married, buy a home during their marriage. The home is considered equally owned by both, regardless of whose name is on the title.

Final Thoughts:

Understanding the various forms of real estate ownership is crucial for anyone preparing for the real estate exam and a successful career in real estate. Each type of ownership has its own set of rules and implications that can affect the rights and responsibilities of property owners. Our exam prep package gets you prepared by providing in-depth knowledge and practice questions to ensure you have a solid grasp of these concepts and are ready to succeed in your real estate career.

Exam Prep

Real Estate Law: Everything You Need to Know

Real Estate Career

Terminology

10 min

Real estate law is an essential principle guiding individuals involved in real estate investment and practice. Whether you're a prospective investor or a seasoned professional, understanding real estate law is crucial. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into various facets of real estate law, covering everything you need to know.

What is Real Estate Law?

Real estate law is a branch of civil law that governs the ownership and use of landed property. This legal sector determines who is entitled to occupy a piece of land or structure and for how long. Some refer to this specialization as “real property law.” Real estate law covers titles, deeds, zoning, estate planning and property taxes.

Real estate law encompasses everything associated with land, including buildings, crops, houses, and other improvements affixed to the land. Most legal systems worldwide agree that real estate comprises land and any structures or assets attached to it.

Each branch of law regulates a specific field of social relations. Real estate law governs social relations involving land possession, use and disposal. While the state acts as the owner representative, organizations, families, and individuals enjoy the rights of land users and fulfill their legal obligations.

With a real estate purchase arguably being the most expensive purchase during one’s life, it’s no wonder there are real estate attorneys abound.

Understanding the Scope and Subject of Real Estate Law

It's important to understand that the boundaries between different branches of law are not rigid. Real estate law often intersects with administrative law, civil law, and other legal branches. For instance:

Administrative Law: Governs the state's regulatory authority over land usage and zoning.
Civil Law: Deals with private property rights and relationships between individuals.

Real estate lawyers must be proficient in various legal fields to address complex issues arising from land possession and disputes.

What is a Deed in Real Estate?

A deed is a legal document that defines the ownership of a property. It serves as a reference for negotiating and determining the price of real estate during transactions such as sales, leases, and transfers. For example, if you're selling a house, the deed will outline your ownership rights and the type of title you hold.

Types of Deeds in Real Estate

There are different types of deeds, each with varying levels of guarantee:

Warranty Deed

A warranty deed is the most comprehensive type of deed, offering the highest level of protection to the buyer.

Key Features:

Clear Title Guarantee: The seller guarantees that the property has a clear title, free of any liens, encumbrances, or legal disputes.
Legal Liability: If title issues arise after the sale, the seller (grantor) is liable for rectifying them. The buyer (grantee) can take legal action against the seller.
Covenants: Contains several covenants or warranties, including:some text
- Covenant of Seisin: Seller guarantees ownership of the property and the right to transfer it.
- Covenant Against Encumbrances: Seller assures there are no undisclosed liens or encumbrances.
- Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment: Buyer’s right to possess the property without disturbances.
- Covenant of Further Assurance: Seller promises to resolve any future issues regarding the title.

When to Use a Warranty Deed:

Typical Use: Common in residential real estate sales.
Best For: Buyers seeking maximum protection against potential title issues.

Special Warranty Deed

A special warranty deed offers a more limited guarantee than a warranty deed.

Key Features:

Limited Title Guarantee: The seller guarantees that the title is clear only for the period during which they owned the property.
Legal Liability: The seller is liable for any title defects or issues that arose only during their period of ownership, not before.
Covenants: Contains covenants similar to a warranty deed but is limited to the seller’s ownership period.

When to Use a Special Warranty Deed:

Typical Use: Commercial real estate transactions, foreclosures, and estate sales.
Best For: Buyers willing to accept limited protection in exchange for a lower purchase price.

Quitclaim Deed

A quitclaim deed provides the least amount of protection for the buyer.

Key Features:

No Guarantee of Title: The seller does not guarantee clear ownership. Instead, the seller transfers any interest they may have in the property.
Legal Liability: The seller is not liable for any title defects or encumbrances.
Simplicity: Contains no warranties or covenants and offers a straightforward transfer of ownership.

When to Use a Quitclaim Deed:

Typical Use: Transfers between family members, divorce settlements, and clearing title issues.
Best For: Buyers who understand the risks and trust the seller.

Grant Deed

A grant deed provides a middle ground between a warranty deed and a quitclaim deed.

Key Features:

Clear Title Assurance: The seller assures that the property has not been sold to anyone else.
Limited Warranties: Contains limited warranties that:some text
- Covenant of Seisin: Seller guarantees ownership and the right to transfer the property.
- Covenant Against Encumbrances: Seller assures no undisclosed liens or encumbrances during their ownership period.
Legal Liability: The seller is liable for any title issues arising during their period of ownership.

When to Use a Grant Deed:

Typical Use: Residential and commercial real estate transactions in states like California. The only way to transfer real estate in California is with a written deed, and the grant deed is the most commonly used form of deed.
Best For: Buyers seeking a balance of protection and cost-effectiveness.

Summary of Deed Protections

Below is a graph that breaks down the deed type and what is included in it.

Importance of a Properly Drafted Deed

A deed is crucial for establishing ownership and avoiding disputes. Therefore, real estate lawyers meticulously draft deeds to prevent lawsuits and ownership issues.

Contents of a Real Estate Valuation Deed

A valuation deed is used to determine the value of a property. It includes:

Valuation Contract Number: Unique identifier for the valuation.
Purpose of Valuation: Why the valuation is being conducted.
Time of Appraisal: When the property was assessed.
Legal Basis: Relevant laws and regulations.
Property Value: Appraised value of the property.
Appraiser’s Signature and Card Number: Certifies the appraisal.
Validity Period of Appraisal Results: Ensures the valuation remains current.

What is a Holding Title?

A holding title defines the ownership structure of a property. For instance, a couple can own a property as tenants by the entirety or joint tenants with the right of survivorship. This means that if one spouse dies, the other automatically inherits the property.

Types of Ownership Titles

Tenancy in Common: Each owner holds an individual share. They can sell or transfer their share independently.
Joint Tenancy: Owners have an equal share, and the right of survivorship applies.
Tenancy by the Entirety: Only available to married couples, where both own the entire property.
Life Estate: Ownership is transferred to an individual for their lifetime, after which the property passes to another party.
Conditional Transfer: The property is transferred with specific conditions, such as usage restrictions.

Importance of Selecting the Right Title

Real estate attorneys help clients choose the most suitable ownership structure based on their needs and future goals. A poorly structured title can lead to inheritance disputes, taxation issues, and unintended legal consequences.

What is Zoning in Real Estate?

Zoning refers to regulations that govern how a property can be used. Zoning laws divide areas into different categories, such as residential, commercial, and industrial, each with subcategories and detailed requirements.

Key Elements of Zoning

Residential Zoning: Defines residential neighborhoods and establishes rules for single-family or multi-family housing.
Commercial Zoning: Applies to business areas, specifying allowable commercial activities.
Industrial Zoning: Governs manufacturing and industrial activities.
Mixed-Use Zoning: Allows for a blend of residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial uses.

The Role of Real Estate Lawyers in Zoning

Zoning regulations vary locally, and real estate lawyers work with local governments and zoning boards to challenge restrictions and safeguard client interests. They also assist clients in obtaining variances or conditional use permits when a property doesn't meet current zoning requirements.

How Do Taxes Work on Real Estate?

In the U.S., property taxes are governed by state laws, and each state has different rates ranging from 1% to 5%. For instance, California's tax rate is over 1.2%, while Texas exceeds 4%. Rental income is taxed at 12–20% of net profit.

Types of Taxes Affecting Real Estate

Property Taxes: Annual taxes based on the assessed value of the property.
Capital Gains Taxes: Taxes on profits made from selling a property.
Transfer Taxes: Fees for transferring ownership of property.
Rental Income Taxes: Taxes on income from renting out property.
Special Assessments: Additional taxes for specific local improvements like roads or sewer lines.

Legal Issues Related to Real Estate Taxes

A real estate lawyer helps property owners challenge excessive taxes through appeal boards and legal proceedings. They can also assist with exemptions, deductions, and compliance with federal and state tax laws.

What is the Purpose of a Homeowner’s Association?

Homeowner’s Associations (HOAs) establish neighborhood guidelines to maintain property values. These guidelines typically include rules on property appearance, noise levels, and shared amenities.

Common Issues Involving HOAs

Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs): Legal documents outlining HOA rules.
Enforcement Disputes: Conflicts over rule enforcement, fines, and penalties.
Financial Management: Issues related to HOA dues, budgets, and reserves.
Special Assessments: Disputes over additional fees for major repairs or improvements.

Legal Representation for HOAs and Homeowners

A real estate lawyer can represent either the HOA or individual homeowners in enforcing or challenging these agreements. They also assist in drafting CC&Rs and mediating disputes.

Property Leasing and Tenancy

Not all property occupants own the property. Leasing is crucial in real estate law, whether for residential or commercial purposes.

Key Elements of Lease Agreements

Rent Amount and Due Dates: Defines how much and when rent is due.
Lease Term: Specifies the start and end dates.
Security Deposit: Amount held by the landlord to cover damages.
Maintenance Responsibilities: Clarifies landlord and tenant duties.
Termination Clauses: Outlines conditions under which the lease can be terminated early.

Legal Issues in Leasing and Tenancy

Evictions: The legal process for removing tenants who violate lease terms.
Lease Violations: Breaches of lease agreements by tenants or landlords.
Rent Control: Local laws that limit rent increases.

A real estate lawyer assists clients in drafting, negotiating, and understanding lease agreements. Disputes may require negotiation or litigation to resolve.

What is Short-Term Real Estate?

Short-term rentals, like vacation rentals, are subject to changing regulations as more homeowners use home-sharing platforms like Airbnb. Local governments often impose specific rules, such as occupancy limits, taxes, and licensing requirements.

Key Legal Issues in Short-Term Rentals

Zoning Compliance: Ensuring the property is zoned for short-term rentals.
Licensing and Permits: Obtaining the necessary approvals from local authorities.
Taxation: Understanding and paying occupancy taxes.
Noise and Nuisance Complaints: Addressing neighbor complaints about noise or disturbances.

Real estate lawyers represent property owners, neighbors, home-sharing platforms, or governments in disputes over short-term rentals.

Final Thoughts on Real Estate Law

Real estate law significantly impacts the work of real estate agents, influencing every transaction from property listings to closing deals. Agents must navigate various legal aspects, including deeds, titles, zoning laws, and property taxes, ensuring compliance while advocating for their clients.

Understanding different deed types allows agents to guide buyers and sellers in making informed decisions. Familiarity with zoning laws and homeowner association regulations helps agents identify suitable properties for clients.

Moreover, a solid grasp of leasing and tenancy rules enables agents to handle rental properties effectively. Legal knowledge isn't just an asset; it's a necessity for providing comprehensive advice, avoiding legal pitfalls, and ensuring smooth transactions.

This understanding is crucial for passing the real estate exam, as it tests candidates on their knowledge of real estate laws, regulations, and ethical standards.

To excel in your career and confidently tackle the exam, consider taking our real estate practice exam to strengthen your legal foundation and prepare you for the complexities of real estate law.

A thorough understanding of real estate law will empower you to build a successful career, assist clients more effectively, and stay compliant in an real estate law ever-evolving industry.

Exam Prep

Real Estate Math on the Exam (Ultimate Guide)

Terminology

Tips

How To

5 min

Real estate math is the No. 1 thing students dread about the licensing exam. Here's the secret nobody tells you up front: it comes down to nine formulas and one simple trick called the T-method. Learn those, practice 30 to 50 problems, and the "scary" section becomes the easiest points on the test.

This guide gives you everything you need in one place. Every formula, the T-method explained with a visual, land and measurement conversions, 12 worked practice questions with answers, and a free cheat sheet you can print and memorize. No filler, no fear.

Quick answer: Real estate math is the set of calculations agents use on the licensing exam and in daily deals: commission splits, proration, loan-to-value, gross rent multiplier, area, and property tax. Most state exams include only about 10 to 20 math questions, and nearly all of them can be solved with a short list of formulas and the T-method for percentages.

Ready to drill these problems until they feel automatic? Start Exam Prep with USRT's practice exams, flashcards, and video explainers.

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Quick FAQ

Quick FAQ
Question	Quick answer
How much math is on the real estate exam?	Math is roughly 10% to 15% of the exam, or about 10 to 20 questions on most state tests.
What kind of math is on the real estate exam?	Percentages, commission, interest, loan-to-value, proration, area, and property tax.
How many math questions are on the real estate exam?	Usually 10 to 20, though the exact count varies by state.
Is real estate math hard?	No. It's a short, fixed list of formulas plus basic arithmetic, and you get a calculator.
Does real estate require math?	Yes, but only everyday math: multiplication, division, and percentages.
Can you use a calculator on the real estate exam?	Yes. Most states allow a basic non-programmable calculator or provide one on screen.

How much of the real estate exam is math?

Math typically makes up only about 10% to 15% of the real estate licensing exam. On most state exams that works out to roughly 10 to 20 math questions out of a 100 to 150 question test, so the exam is nowhere near "all math." The bulk of every state test covers law, contracts, agency, and practice, not calculations.

Here's the realistic picture for two of the biggest states. The California salesperson exam has 150 questions, a 3-hour time limit, and requires 70% to pass, which is 105 correct answers (California Department of Real Estate, as of 2026). The Texas sales agent exam has 125 questions, split into an 85-question national portion and a 40-question state portion, and you need 70% on each portion to pass (Texas Real Estate Commission, as of 2026). Exact math-question counts are not published question-by-question, and they shift from state to state, so treat 10 to 20 as a working estimate rather than a fixed number.

The takeaway: math is the most-feared section but the most learnable, because it's a finite list. You can't memorize every contract-law scenario, but you can memorize nine formulas. If you want to know where math ranks against the rest, see our breakdown of the hardest part of the real estate exam.

What is the T-method and how does it solve real estate math?

The T-method is a simple diagram that organizes any percentage problem into three parts so you always know whether to multiply or divide. The T-method (also called the T-bar) is a T-shaped chart where the total goes on top, and the part and the rate sit below it. Almost every real estate math problem is a percentage problem in disguise, which is why this one trick carries so much of the exam.

The relationship never changes:

PART = TOTAL × RATE
TOTAL = PART ÷ RATE
RATE = PART ÷ TOTAL

Picture a capital T. Write the total in the top box. Write the part in the bottom-left box and the rate in the bottom-right box. Then cover the value you're looking for:

Cover the top (total) and you're left with part and rate side by side, so you divide: TOTAL = PART ÷ RATE.
Cover a bottom box (part or rate) and you're left with the other two stacked, so you multiply for the part or divide for the rate.

You know	You want	Do this
Total and rate	Part	Multiply: PART = TOTAL × RATE
Part and rate	Total	Divide: TOTAL = PART ÷ RATE
Part and total	Rate	Divide: RATE = PART ÷ TOTAL

Quick example: a home listed at $400,000 sells for $360,000. What percent of list price did it sell for? You have the part ($360,000) and the total ($400,000), and you want the rate, so you divide: $360,000 ÷ $400,000 = 0.90, or 90%. Commission, interest, LTV, cap rate, and property tax all follow this same shape.

Real estate math formulas you must know (with examples)

You need nine core formulas for the real estate exam, and they cover commission, interest, loan-to-value, gross rent multiplier, cap rate, property tax, proration, discount points, and area. We call this the USRT Real Estate Math Cheat Sheet: the short, fixed list that answers nearly every math question on the test. Here they are in one scannable table, followed by a worked example for each.

Formula	How to calculate it	What it solves
Commission	Sale price × commission rate	Agent and broker pay
Simple interest	Principal × rate × time	Yearly interest cost of a loan
Loan-to-value (LTV)	Loan amount ÷ appraised value	Loan risk and down payment
Gross rent multiplier (GRM)	Property price ÷ gross annual rent	Quick investment value
Capitalization (cap) rate	Net operating income ÷ property value	Investment return
Property tax	Assessed value × tax rate	Annual property tax
Proration	(Annual amount ÷ 365) × days owed	Splitting costs at closing
Discount points	Loan amount × (points × 1%)	Prepaid interest to lower a rate
Area	Length × width	Square footage and lot size

Commission. Commission is the fee, usually a percentage of the sale price, paid to the brokers who close a deal. A home sells for $500,000 with a total commission of 5%. Commission = $500,000 × 0.05 = $25,000. Split evenly between the listing and buyer brokerages, each side gets $12,500.

Simple interest. A borrower takes a $200,000 loan at 6% simple annual interest. First-year interest = $200,000 × 0.06 × 1 = $12,000.

Loan-to-value (LTV). The loan-to-value ratio is the loan amount divided by the property's appraised value, written as a percentage. A buyer borrows $240,000 on a $300,000 home. LTV = $240,000 ÷ $300,000 = 0.80, or 80%. Lower LTV means less risk to the lender and usually better loan terms.

Gross rent multiplier (GRM). The gross rent multiplier is a property's price divided by its gross annual rent. A rental is priced at $450,000 and brings in $45,000 a year. GRM = $450,000 ÷ $45,000 = 10.

Capitalization (cap) rate. The cap rate is a property's net operating income divided by its value, written as a percentage. A property earns $30,000 in net operating income and is worth $500,000. Cap rate = $30,000 ÷ $500,000 = 0.06, or 6%.

Property tax. A home is assessed at $400,000 with a 1.25% tax rate. Annual tax = $400,000 × 0.0125 = $5,000.

Proration. Proration is the splitting of a shared cost, like taxes or dues, between buyer and seller based on who owns the property when. A seller prepaid $3,650 in annual property tax, and 120 days remain that the buyer will owe. Daily cost = $3,650 ÷ 365 = $10. Buyer reimburses = 120 × $10 = $1,200.

Discount points. One point equals 1% of the loan amount. On a $250,000 loan, 2 points cost $250,000 × 0.02 = $5,000.

Area. A rectangular lot is calculated as length × width. A 2,000-square-foot home selling for $400,000 works out to $400,000 ÷ 2,000 = $200 per square foot.

Fractions, decimals, and percentages refresher

Every percentage problem on the exam runs through decimals, so convert first and calculate second. Your calculator doesn't understand "5%," it understands 0.05, and getting this one step right prevents most careless mistakes.

Here are the three conversions you'll use constantly:

Percent to decimal: move the decimal two places left. 5% becomes 0.05, and 1.25% becomes 0.0125.
Decimal to percent: move the decimal two places right. 0.80 becomes 80%.
Fraction to decimal: divide the top number by the bottom number. 3/4 becomes 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75.

The rule of thumb: before you multiply or divide anything, turn every percentage into a decimal. Then your T-method math lines up cleanly on the calculator.

Measurement and land conversions

Land and measurement questions come down to a handful of fixed conversions, and the most important one is that 1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. Memorize the conversions below and you can handle any square-footage, acreage, or lot-size question on the exam.

Measurement	Equals
1 acre	43,560 square feet
1 section	640 acres (1 square mile)
1 township	36 sections
1 mile	5,280 feet
1 square mile	640 acres
Area of a rectangle	length × width

Worked example: a rectangular parcel measures 435.6 feet by 200 feet. First find the area: 435.6 × 200 = 87,120 square feet. Then convert to acres: 87,120 ÷ 43,560 = 2 acres. Cost-per-square-foot works the same way. A 2-acre lot is 87,120 square feet, so if it lists for $871,200, that's $871,200 ÷ 87,120 = $10 per square foot.

Real estate math practice questions (with answers)

The fastest way to master real estate math is to work practice questions until the setup is automatic. Below are 12 problems that mirror exam phrasing, each with the answer and a short explanation. Cover the answers, solve them yourself, then check.

Commission split. A home sells for $625,000 at a 6% total commission, split evenly between the two brokerages. What does the listing brokerage earn? Answer: $18,750. Total commission = $625,000 × 0.06 = $37,500, divided by 2 = $18,750.
Agent's take-home. An agent earns a 3% commission on a $400,000 sale, then keeps 70% after the broker split. How much does the agent get? Answer: $8,400. Side commission = $400,000 × 0.03 = $12,000, and $12,000 × 0.70 = $8,400.
Simple interest. A borrower takes a $180,000 loan at 5.5% simple annual interest. What is the first-year interest? Answer: $9,900. $180,000 × 0.055 = $9,900.
Loan-to-value. A buyer purchases a $350,000 home with a $70,000 down payment. What is the LTV? Answer: 80%. Loan = $350,000 − $70,000 = $280,000, and $280,000 ÷ $350,000 = 0.80.
Down payment from LTV. A lender offers 90% LTV on a $300,000 home. What down payment is required? Answer: $30,000. The loan is $300,000 × 0.90 = $270,000, so the buyer pays the remaining $30,000.
Gross rent multiplier. An investment property is priced at $600,000 and rents for $60,000 a year. What is the GRM? Answer: 10. $600,000 ÷ $60,000 = 10.
Value from GRM. A property brings $48,000 in annual rent in an area where the GRM is 9. What is its estimated value? Answer: $432,000. $48,000 × 9 = $432,000.
Cap rate. A property generates $36,000 in net operating income and is valued at $450,000. What is the cap rate? Answer: 8%. $36,000 ÷ $450,000 = 0.08.
Property tax. A home is assessed at $320,000 with a 1.5% tax rate. What is the annual tax? Answer: $4,800. $320,000 × 0.015 = $4,800.
Proration. A seller prepaid $3,650 in annual dues, and 100 days remain in the dues year that the buyer will use. What does the buyer reimburse? Answer: $1,000. Daily cost = $3,650 ÷ 365 = $10, and 100 × $10 = $1,000.
Discount points. A buyer takes a $400,000 loan and pays 1.5 points. What do the points cost? Answer: $6,000. $400,000 × 0.015 = $6,000.
Price per square foot. An 1,800-square-foot home sells for $486,000. What is the price per square foot? Answer: $270. $486,000 ÷ 1,800 = $270.

Miss a few? That's the point of practicing now instead of on test day. Start Exam Prep to drill hundreds more problems like these, with step-by-step video explainers for every formula.

Free real estate math cheat sheet (download)

Download the free USRT real estate math cheat sheet and practice worksheet to memorize every formula in one place. The cheat sheet is a one-page PDF with all nine formulas, the T-method diagram, and the land conversions. The practice worksheet is a separate PDF with extra problems and a full answer key, so you can test yourself away from the screen.

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Print the cheat sheet, stick it where you study, and run the worksheet a few times in the week before your exam. Pair it with your practice exams and the formulas will be second nature by test day.

Tips for the math section on exam day

The best exam-day math strategy is simple: memorize the formulas cold, convert percentages to decimals first, and use your calculator. A basic non-programmable calculator is allowed on most state licensing exams, and some states provide an on-screen calculator instead (PSI and Pearson VUE testing rules, as of 2026). Always confirm your state's calculator policy on your exam confirmation before test day.

Four habits that save points:

Estimate first. Ballpark the answer before you calculate, so an obviously wrong option is easy to rule out.
Read for what's asked. Note whether the question wants the total, the part, or the rate, then set up the T-method accordingly.
Convert before you compute. Turn every percentage into a decimal first.
Don't camp on one problem. Flag a tough question, move on, and come back with time to spare.

For a full game plan beyond the math section, read our guide on how to pass the real estate exam, and if you're testing with PSI, see our tips for the PSI real estate exam. Taking the California real estate exam? Its format is covered there too.

The bottom line

Real estate math is a short list of formulas plus the T-method plus practice. That's it. Memorize the nine formulas on the USRT cheat sheet, run 30 to 50 practice problems, and the section most students fear becomes reliable points. Your next step is to practice under realistic conditions.

Start Exam Prep for practice exams, flashcards, and video explainers that drill every formula in this guide. Prefer to learn it live in a weekend? Join a Live Crash Course and knock out your exam review in two days.

Exam Prep

What is on the Pearson VUE Real Estate Exam?

Planning

Tips

Motivation

8 min

If your state uses Pearson VUE, that's the test standing between you and your license. It's computer-based, it's predictable, and once you know its format and question style, it stops being intimidating.

This guide covers what the Pearson VUE real estate exam is, which states use it, what it tests, a real sample scenario question, and the study plan that gets people through on the first try.

Question	Quick answer
What is the Pearson VUE real estate exam?	It's the state-licensing test administered by Pearson VUE, covering a national portion and a state-specific portion.
Which states use Pearson VUE?	Several states use Pearson VUE, including Florida, Texas, and Arizona. The list changes, so confirm with your state agency.
How is the Pearson VUE exam scored?	It uses a scaled score. You typically need about 70% to 75% and must pass both the national and state portions.
What kind of questions are on it?	Mostly multiple-choice, including scenario-based questions that make you apply a concept to a real situation.
What happens if I fail one portion?	In most states you only retake the portion you failed, not the whole exam. Confirm your state's retake rules.

What is the Pearson VUE real estate exam?

The Pearson VUE real estate exam is the state-licensing test administered by Pearson VUE, one of the two main vendors states hire to deliver their real estate exams. It tests national real estate principles and your state's specific laws.

Pearson VUE is a computer-based testing company, not a real estate authority. Your state's licensing agency writes the questions' rules and sets the passing score. Pearson VUE delivers the test at its centers. If your state uses Pearson VUE, you register and test through them. If it doesn't, it likely uses the other major vendor, covered in our PSI real estate exam guide.

Which states use Pearson VUE for the real estate exam?

Several states use Pearson VUE to administer their real estate exam, though the list shifts as testing contracts change. The states below currently use Pearson VUE for real estate licensing.

States that use Pearson VUE for the real estate exam
Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, and Wisconsin

Because provider contracts change, confirm your state still uses Pearson VUE on your state licensing agency's website before you register. If your state isn't here, check our PSI guide.

What is on the Pearson VUE real estate exam?

The Pearson VUE real estate exam has two portions: a national portion covering concepts used everywhere and a state portion covering your state's law. The national portion usually runs 2 to 2.5 hours and the state portion adds about 1 to 1.5 hours.

The national portion covers property ownership, land use, valuation, financing, agency, disclosures, contracts, leasing, transfer of title, and real estate math. The state portion covers your state's license law, commission rules, and disclosures. For a deeper look at the shared concepts, read our guide to the national portion of the real estate exam.

What does a Pearson VUE scenario question look like?

Pearson VUE uses scenario-based questions that ask you to apply a concept to a real situation, not just define it. Here's a representative example.

Scenario: You're the listing agent for a seller. During the listing period you discover a minor plumbing issue in the basement that isn't obvious. The seller knows and prefers not to disclose it.

Question: What's the most appropriate course of action?

Follow the seller's wishes and don't mention it.
Tell the seller about the legal duty to disclose known defects and advise fixing or disclosing it.
Disclose it to buyers while highlighting the home's positives.
Suggest a lower price to offset repair costs.

The answer is number 2. Your duty to disclose known material defects overrides the seller's preference, and you counsel the client toward the lawful path. That "apply the rule to the situation" style is why practice matters more than memorization. See where people slip in our breakdown of the hardest part of the real estate exam.

How do you pass the Pearson VUE real estate exam?

You pass the Pearson VUE real estate exam by learning the format, practicing scenario-style questions under time, and fixing your weak spots before test day. Preparation, not luck, decides the outcome.

Drill the math. A handful of formulas repeat. Practice them until the setup is automatic.
Practice scenario questions. Use timed, exam-style questions so the format feels familiar. Take a real estate practice exam until you score 80% or higher.
Study on a schedule. Follow a 30-day study plan instead of cramming.
Read every question twice. Watch for "except," "not," and "all but," which flip the meaning.

Takeaway

The Pearson VUE real estate exam is predictable once you know its format and question style. Learn the structure, practice scenario questions in a timed setting, and walk in having already seen how the test thinks.

Want scenario-style practice questions, math drills, and a study plan built for it? Start with our exam prep crash course and give yourself the best shot at passing the first time.

Exam Prep

National Real Estate Exam: What to Know

How To

Planning

Tips

10 min

For aspiring real estate professionals, the national real estate exam stands as a crucial gateway to a thriving career. This comprehensive test, while challenging, is surmountable with the right preparation and mindset. In this detailed guide, we'll explore every aspect of the exam, from content and timing to preparation techniques, culminating with an introduction to our exclusive exam prep package. In this article, we'll explore:

National Real Estate Exam
National Exam Content
Strategies for Preparation
Tips for Passing the exam

What is the National Real Estate Exam?

‍The National Real Estate Exam is an essential standardized test for aspiring real estate professionals in the United States, serving as a prerequisite for obtaining a real estate license. This exam assesses an individual’s understanding of a wide array of real estate principles, laws, and practices at a national level, ensuring that agents and brokers have a fundamental knowledge of the industry. It covers key areas such as:

Property ownership
Land use regulations
Valuation
Financing
Agency principles
Property disclosures, and
Real estate contracts

They are all aimed at testing candidates on vital aspects of real estate transactions, legal implications, and financial management in property dealings.

It's important to note that all states in the U.S. require this component as part of the licensing process. State-specific real estate regulatory organizations or commissions usually administer the National Real Estate Exam, with many states having their regulatory bodies for this purpose. These organizations collaborate with professional testing companies, like PSI or Pearson VUE, for the development and delivery of the exam, ensuring it reflects current real estate standards and practices.

What's On the National Real Estate Exam

The National Real Estate Exam encompasses a broad range of topics to ensure a comprehensive understanding of real estate principles and practices. This exam tests candidates on various aspects crucial to the real estate profession, including:

Real Property Characteristics and Legal Descriptions (8-10%):

Characteristics: This includes understanding the basic characteristics of real property, differentiating between real and personal property, and concepts such as fixtures and property rights.
Legal Descriptions: Focuses on how property is legally identified and described, including methods like metes and bounds, rectangular survey system, and lot and block.

Land Use Controls and Regulations (5-8%):

Zoning Laws: Learning about different zoning categories and the implications for property use.
Environmental Regulations: Understanding environmental laws that affect real estate, such as wetlands regulations and the impact of hazardous materials like lead-based paint or asbestos.

Valuation and Market Analysis (7-10%):

Market Analysis: Knowledge of how to assess the real estate market, including supply and demand, demographic factors, and market trends.
Property Valuation: Familiarity with different valuation methods such as the cost approach, sales comparison approach, and income approach.

Financing (10-14%):

Types of Loans: Understanding different mortgage products and terms, including fixed-rate, adjustable-rate, and government-insured loans (e.g., FHA, VA loans).
Financing Process: Knowledge of the loan process, from application to underwriting to closing.

General Principles of Agency(10-15%):

Agency Relationships: Understanding different types of agency (e.g., buyer’s agent, seller’s agent, dual agency) and the legal implications of each.
Agent Duties: Learning about the fiduciary duties an agent owes to their client, such as confidentiality, obedience, and loyalty.

Property Disclosures (5-10%):

Disclosure Requirements: Knowledge of what must be disclosed in real estate transactions, including property defects and material facts.
Legal Implications: Understanding the legal consequences of failing to disclose or misrepresenting information.

Contracts (15-18%):

Contract Elements: Learning the essential elements required for a real estate contract to be valid, such as offer and acceptance, consideration, and competent parties.
Breach of Contract: Understanding the implications and remedies available when a contract is breached.

Transfer of Property (8-10%):

Title and Deed: Learning about different types of title (e.g., clear, clouded) and deeds (e.g., warranty, quitclaim), and the process of transferring title.
Closing Process: Familiarity with the closing process, including closing documents, prorations, and settlement statements.

Practice of Real Estate (10-12%):

Brokerage Operations: Understanding how a real estate brokerage operates, including management and supervision of agents.
Ethical Practices: Knowledge of professional ethics and standards in real estate, often based on the National Association of Realtors' Code of Ethics.

Real Estate Calculations (5-10%):

Financial Calculations: Skills in calculating mortgage payments, property taxes, insurance premiums, and investment returns.
Property Dimensions: Ability to calculate area, volume, and property dimensions.

How Many Questions Are on the National Part?

The exam usually features 80 to 100 multiple-choice questions. These are evenly distributed to cover a broad spectrum of real estate knowledge. Questions range from basic definitions to intricate scenario-based problems.

Expect a balanced mix of factual queries and hypothetical situations that challenge your application skills.

Here is the list of the number of the national portion questions of the real estate exam for each state in the United States:

State	Questions	% of Exam
Alabama	100	71%
Alaska	80	66.7%
Arizona	126	70%
Arkansas	80	73%
California	150	N/A
Connecticut	80	72.8%
Delaware	80	66.7%
Florida	100	N/A
Georgia	100	66%
Hawaii	80	62%
Idaho	80	66.7%
Illinois	100	71%
Iowa	80	66.7%
Kansas	80	72.8%
Kentucky	80	62%
Louisiana	80	59%
Maine	80	66.7%
Maryland	80	72.7%
Massachusetts	80	66.7%
Michigan	80	70%
Minnesota	80	62%
Mississippi	80	66.7%
Missouri	100	71.4%
Montana	80	71%
Nebraska	80	62%
Nevada	80	66.7%
New Hampshire	80	66.7%
New Jersey	82	75%
New Mexico	80	62%
New York	75	N/A
North Dakota	100	71.4%
Ohio	80	66.7%
Oklahoma	80	62%
Oregon	80	62%
Pennsylvania	80	66.7%
Rhode Island	80	66.7%
South Carolina	80	66.7%
South Dakota	100	63.7%
Tennessee	80	68%
Texas	85	73%
Utah	80	62%
Vermont	100	73.5%
Virginia	80	66.7%
Washington	100	76.9%
Washington D.C.	80	72.8%
West Virginia	100	66.7%
Wisconsin	140	N/A
Wyoming	100	75.8%

Time Management During the Exam

The time allotted to complete the national portion of the real estate exam varies slightly depending on the state in which you are taking the exam. Typically, this portion of the real estate exam is designed to be completed within a specific timeframe, usually ranging from 2 to 4 hours.

How Can You Prepare for the National Part?

Preparing for the National Real Estate Exam requires a focused and strategic approach. The preparation process includes:

Use of Authoritative Educational Materials: It is imperative to engage with textbooks and online resources that are both current and comprehensive. In line with this, incorporating our real estate crash course can significantly enhance your study process. This package is tailored to provide up-to-date, authoritative content that aligns with the latest exam formats and content areas. By integrating this resource into your study routine, you can ensure a more focused and effective preparation, benefiting from expertly curated materials that directly address the critical components of the real estate exam.

Participation in Structured Exam Preparation Courses: We highly recommend enrolling in our specialized exam preparation courses. These courses are meticulously designed to offer a structured learning experience, complete with a variety of educational tools including a video gallery, flashcards, and definition worksheets. Such resources are instrumental in ensuring a thorough comprehension of all exam content.

Engagement with Practice Examinations: To become accustomed to the exam's format and question types, it is advisable to undertake a series of practice tests. Our offerings include an extensive and customizable suite of practice tests, comprising a substantial question bank of over 4,300 questions. This approach not only aids in familiarization with the exam format but also reinforces the learning material.

Continuous Update on Real Estate Legislation and Practices: Maintaining an up-to-date knowledge of the ever-evolving real estate laws and practices is essential. This requires regular review of legal updates, industry publications, and professional development resources to stay informed of the latest changes and trends in the field.

Mind Mapping: Create mind maps for complex topics. This visual tool can help in connecting different concepts and improving memory recall.

Leverage Technology: Use apps and online tools for interactive learning, such as virtual flashcards, quizzes, and simulation games that focus on real estate concepts.

Study Soundtracks: Listen to background music that enhances focus (like classical or instrumental) while studying. Music can also make the study process more enjoyable.

Storytelling Techniques: Turn difficult concepts into short stories or relatable scenarios. This makes the material more memorable.

How to Pass the National Part?

Passing the National Real Estate Exam requires more than just memorization. Here are some strategies:

Time Management: Effective time management is essential, both during your study sessions and the actual exam.

Begin by familiarizing yourself with the format and types of questions you'll encounter.
Allocate a set amount of time for each question and stick to it, avoiding lingering too long on difficult questions.
Practice with timed practice exams to build speed and accuracy under time constraints.

Efficiently managing the allotted time can significantly improve your chances of successfully completing the exam within the given timeframe.

Exam-taking Strategies: Initially focus on questions you find easiest. This strategy not only secures quick wins but also helps in warming up your mind for more challenging questions later. It reduces anxiety and builds confidence as you see a number of questions already answered correctly. When faced with difficult questions, systematically eliminate the most obviously incorrect answers first. This increases the probability of choosing the correct answer from the remaining options. It's a powerful tool especially in multiple-choice questions where you can often narrow down to two likely choices.

Healthy Routine: A well-balanced diet, consistent sleep patterns, and stress management through exercise or meditation contribute significantly to effective studying and exam performance. Prioritize maintaining a healthy routine in your preparation.

Day of the Exam: Ensure you arrive at the exam center early, well-rested, and prepared. Remember to carry the necessary identification and materials, and dress for comfort to ease any exam-day nerves.

Stay Calm and Positive: Maintain a positive attitude and confidence in your preparation as you approach the exam. If anxiety arises, employ deep breathing techniques to stay calm. Trust in the knowledge and effort you have invested in your preparation.

Final Thoughts on the National Real Estate Exam

As you embark on this journey, we're excited to offer our comprehensive exam prep package, designed to maximize your chances of success. Here's what our package includes:

Comprehensive Study Guide: Our guide covers every topic in-depth, with easy-to-understand explanations and real-world examples.
Unlimited Practice Exams: With our package, practice as much as you need. Each exam is a new opportunity to refine your skills.
Flashcards for Quick Recall: These handy tools are great for memorizing key terms and concepts on the go.
Extensive Question Bank: With over 4,300 questions, our database is one of the most extensive in the industry, ensuring you're prepared for any question the exam throws at you.

The real estate national exam is a challenging but achievable milestone. With a deep understanding of the exam content, dedicated preparation, and the right tools at your disposal, you can confidently clear this hurdle. Our exam prep package is designed to support you every step of the way, offering a blend of comprehensive learning materials and practical tools. Embrace this journey, and let us help you unlock the door to a successful career in real estate.

Exam Prep

Can I Take the Real Estate Exam Without Classes?

Planning

3 min

If you’re looking to get a real estate license, this article will explain whether or not you need to enroll in a real estate school to take the classes required for the real estate exam. It will also cover alternative ways to meet the pre-licensing education requirement.

Are classes required to take the exam?

Yes, in most states you must complete pre-licensing, but some states offer limited waivers. This shows that they have completed the pre-licensing course requirements and are eligible to register for the exam. Each state has its unique pre-licensing requirements.

Pre-licensing courses usually have a minimum number of hours that must be completed, which varies from state to state. For instance, the required pre-licensing education totals 135 hours in California, while in Florida, it requires only 63 hours.

Another requirement for pre-licensing education is that courses must be completed through a state-approved school or, in some states, through accepted college or university programs. For example, in California, you can take three 45-hour college-level courses. In Nebraska, accredited college courses and approved law school subjects can also satisfy the requirements.

Does license reciprocity help you skip pre-licensing classes?

License reciprocity is an agreement between two states that allows a licensed real estate agent from one state to practice real estate in another without fulfilling all the licensing requirements of the second state. In California, however, there is no license reciprocity with any other state—so reciprocity will not let you waive California’s pre-licensing courses or exam requirements.

Note that not all states have license reciprocity agreements. While some have no agreements with other states, some only allow reciprocity from limited states.

Even where reciprocity exists, it usually doesn’t waive everything.

Most states still require a state-law exam and/or state-specific coursework.

For example: ‍

Alabama requires a 6-hour Alabama-law course + the state exam;

‍Alaska’s endorsement route requires proof of 40 hours of education;

‍Colorado reciprocal candidates take the state portion only;

‍Georgia grants reciprocity but Florida licensees must pass a GA law exam;

‍Kentucky’s reciprocity is limited and includes a 40-hour reciprocal-law course + exam;

‍Missouri typically requires the 24-hour Missouri Real Estate Practice (MREP) course and the state portion.)

Do I need pre-licensing if I took the right college courses?

Some states accept specific college courses related to real estate as an alternative to a formal pre-licensing program. In these states, the college courses are seen to provide candidates with the necessary knowledge and background they need to be agents.

Therefore, candidates who take such courses are exempted from taking the pre-licensing classes. However, not all states accept this arrangement. Check with the state's real estate department to find out if your state exempts you for the right college classes.

An example of a state that allows this is California, where candidates can use college credits towards the 45-hour pre-education course if the credits are from a real estate or law-related course. Other examples include Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, and Nebraska.

How does a pre-licensing course work?

A real estate pre-licensing course is an educational program designed to provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to prepare for your real estate career. The pre-licensing course content is set by the state’s real estate department.

These courses typically include content that covers the state's real estate laws and regulations. Additionally, they also cover some federal real estate topics, which include:

Real estate principles
Laws and regulations
Contracts
Property ownership
Financing
Brokerage and law of agency
Fair housing
Ethics
Real estate calculations

Once you complete the course and pass the final exam, your real estate school will award you a completion certificate. This certificate must be submitted in some states before registering for the real estate license exam.

Frequently Asked Questions

1) Can I take the real estate exam without pre-licensing classes?‍

Usually no for first-time licensees. Most states require state-approved pre-licensing education (e.g., 60–180 hours) before you can sit for the salesperson exam. Limited education equivalency options exist in some states (e.g., certain college-level real estate coursework or attorney status), but these are the exception—not the rule.

2) Does license reciprocity let me skip classes?

Reciprocity/endorsement helps if you’re already licensed in another state. It often waives repeating full pre-licensing, but you’ll typically still need to pass the state-law portion of the exam, meet background/fingerprint checks, and sometimes complete a short state-specific course. If you’re not already licensed, reciprocity usually doesn’t apply.

3) Are there states where I can bypass education entirely?‍

A few states allow limited waivers (e.g., specific degree/attorney exemptions or mutual recognition with named states). Even then, expect to complete state-specific testing and compliance steps. Because rules change and vary widely, always verify the current policy on your state’s real estate commission site.

4) How do I find my state’s exact requirements?‍

Check your state real estate commission’s page for:

Required hours and approved pre-licensing providers
Whether education equivalency or mutual recognition/reciprocity is available
Whether you must pass the national and/or state-law exam portions
Application, fingerprinting, and post-licensing/CE steps

Final thought on whether you need classes to take the exam

In conclusion, all aspiring real estate exam candidates must take courses to meet the pre-licensing education criteria. However, there might be exceptions, such as license reciprocity and college credits. Always check with the state's real estate department to find out the specific licensing requirements of your intended state.

Exam Prep

How Much Do Real Estate Agents Make in 2026?

Motivation

Planning

Real Estate Career

10 min

Real estate agents in the U.S. earn a median of about $56,320 a year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but that number hides the real story. Agent income isn't a salary, it's a scoreboard, and it tracks one thing: closed transactions.

This guide breaks down what agents earn by experience level and state, how commission math works after the NAR settlement, and what separates the agents who clear six figures from the ones who quit.

Quick Answers

Question	Quick answer
How much do real estate agents make a year?	The U.S. median is about $56,320, with the middle half earning roughly $42,000 to $89,000, per BLS data.
Do real estate agents make good money?	Yes, if they close deals. Top 10% earn $125,000+, but income depends on transactions, not tenure.
How much do first-year agents make?	Typically $30,000 to $50,000, and often much less. Many close their first deal months in.
What's the typical commission?	Negotiable. Redfin's Q3 2025 data puts the average buyer's agent commission at 2.42% of the sale price.
How much does an agent make per sale?	On a $500,000 home at 2.5%, about $12,500 before the brokerage split, roughly $8,750 after a 70/30 split.
Do agents earn commission on rentals?	Yes, usually one month's rent or a percentage of the annual lease, paid by the landlord.

How much do real estate agents make a year?

Real estate agents earn a median of about $56,320 a year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (May 2024 data). The fuller picture from the same source:

Median income: $56,320
Middle range (25th to 75th percentile): roughly $42,000 to $89,000
Top 10% of agents: $125,000+, before brokerage splits and expenses
Job-board average across all experience levels: about $85,800 a year, per ZipRecruiter

Do real estate agents make good money?

Yes, real estate agents can make good money, but income follows production, not seniority. The top 10% of agents earn over $125,000 per BLS data, and high-volume or luxury agents earn several hundred thousand a year. The catch: the same scoreboard that has no ceiling also has no floor.

The agents who make good money share three habits: they treat the license like a business, they prospect on a schedule instead of when it's comfortable, and they pick brokerages for training rather than splits in year one. Money in real estate is earned in the pipeline months before it shows up at closing.

How much do new real estate agents make in their first year?

Most first-year agents earn between $30,000 and $50,000, and a meaningful share earn close to nothing while they build a client base. For contrast, NAR's member profile data has reported median gross income around $8,100 for members with two years of experience or less, which shows how steep the early ramp is.

The first year is also the expensive year: licensing fees, association dues, MLS access, and marketing all come out of pocket before the first commission lands. In competitive, high-priced markets, motivated new agents can clear $60,000+. The variable isn't talent, it's transaction count.

How does real estate commission work?

Real estate commissions are negotiable between the agent and their client, and no law or association sets the rate. Since the 2024 NAR settlement, buyer's agents negotiate compensation in a written agreement before touring homes, and commission offers no longer appear in the MLS.

For a current benchmark, Redfin reports the average U.S. buyer's agent commission was 2.42% of the sale price for homes sold in Q3 2025.

How commission splits work

The commission doesn't go straight into the agent's pocket. It flows through two splits:

Between the two sides. The listing agent and buyer's agent each earn their own negotiated fee on the transaction.
Between agent and brokerage. Every agent works under a broker, and the brokerage takes its share first. A 70/30 split means the agent keeps 70%. Team members often split again with their team leader.

Brokerage models vary: traditional percentage splits, 100%-commission shops that charge desk fees instead, and hybrids in between. A commission split is the agreed percentage of each commission that the brokerage keeps in exchange for licensing oversight, support, and resources. Our guide on how real estate brokerages make money explains what each model costs you.

How much does an agent make per sale?

On a $500,000 sale with a negotiated 2.5% fee, the agent's side earns $12,500, and after a 70/30 brokerage split the agent keeps $8,750. Here's the math in steps:

Sale price × negotiated rate: $500,000 × 2.5% = $12,500
Brokerage split at 70/30: $12,500 × 0.70 = $8,750
Then subtract taxes and business costs. Agents are independent contractors, so self-employment tax, marketing, and MLS fees come out of that number.

A useful rule of thumb for new agents: plan on keeping roughly half of your gross commission income after splits, taxes, and expenses.

Do agents make commission on rentals?

Yes. Agents who help clients lease properties typically earn one month's rent or a percentage of the annual lease value, paid by the landlord. The checks are smaller than sales commissions, but rental clients become buyers, and rental commissions smooth out slow sales months.

Which states pay real estate agents the most?

Washington, Washington, D.C., and New York lead the country, with average agent incomes in the $94,000 to $97,000 range, while West Virginia and Florida sit at the low end in the mid-$60,000s, according to ZipRecruiter's state-level data.

Rank	State	Average salary
1	Washington	$97,169
2	District of Columbia	$96,948
3	New York	$93,860
4	Massachusetts	$93,696
5	Alaska	$92,394
6	Vermont	$91,219
7	North Dakota	$90,776
8	Oregon	$90,707
9	Colorado	$90,213
10	Hawaii	$89,135
11	Nevada	$87,363
12	New Jersey	$87,100
13	Wisconsin	$86,595
14	Pennsylvania	$85,999
15	Delaware	$85,867
16	South Dakota	$85,793
17	Virginia	$85,057
18	California	$84,669
19	Minnesota	$84,026
20	Rhode Island	$84,018
21	New Hampshire	$83,434
22	Maryland	$83,265
23	New Mexico	$83,139
24	Illinois	$83,135
25	Maine	$83,064
26	Wyoming	$82,466
27	Nebraska	$81,799
28	Indiana	$81,637
29	Connecticut	$81,613
30	Ohio	$81,563
31	Mississippi	$81,252
32	Idaho	$80,722
33	Iowa	$80,582
34	Missouri	$80,474
35	Arizona	$79,949
36	Texas	$79,929
37	South Carolina	$79,612
38	Oklahoma	$79,215
39	Montana	$78,745
40	Utah	$78,103
41	North Carolina	$77,969
42	Tennessee	$77,867
43	Alabama	$77,762
44	Kansas	$76,514
45	Michigan	$74,777
46	Kentucky	$74,513
47	Louisiana	$73,363
48	Georgia	$72,442
49	Arkansas	$70,942
50	West Virginia	$66,418
51	Florida	$64,112

Source: ZipRecruiter, average real estate agent salary by state. Last checked June 2026.

The spread reflects home prices and transaction volume more than skill. A 2.5% fee on a $900,000 Seattle house and a $200,000 Charleston, West Virginia house are different paychecks for the same work.

What factors affect how much an agent earns?

Five factors move agent income more than everything else combined:

Transaction count. Deals closed is the whole scoreboard. Everything below feeds it.
Local price point. The same effort earns more where homes cost more.
Brokerage split and fees. A great split on no training often nets less than a worse split with real mentorship.
Lead generation habits. Referrals, sphere outreach, and consistent marketing decide next quarter's pipeline.
Specialization. Luxury, commercial, and investor niches carry bigger average checks for agents who commit to them.

Market conditions matter too. Interest rates, inventory, and the economic cycle swing transaction volume, which is why smart agents build rental income and referral streams that pay in slow markets. Here is how to keep deals closing when rates are high.

How do you earn more as an agent?

Earning more comes down to producing more transactions per year and keeping more of each one. The compounders: ask every closed client for referrals, market consistently instead of seasonally, master your CRM so no lead goes cold, renegotiate your split as your volume grows, and add a niche where average prices are higher.

The takeaway

The median agent earns about $56,320, the top performers earn multiples of that, and the difference is transactions, not luck. Learn the skills that produce closings and the income follows.

Want the playbook from someone who's done it? Join Certified Real Estate Specialst, our agent training program taught by Richard Schulman, a top Keller Williams agent with over $1 billion in career sales. Learn how to find clients, win listings, and close bigger deals.

Real Estate Career

Real estate code of ethics: a guide for new agents

Real Estate Career

5 min

Most people don't fully trust real estate agents. The real estate code of ethics is the industry's answer to that problem, and if you're getting licensed, you'll meet it twice: once on your exam, and again on your first day with a client.

This guide breaks down what the code is, who has to follow it, all 17 rules, what happens when an agent breaks them, and why a new agent should care. Plain English, no fluff.

Quick answers

Question	Quick answer
What is the real estate code of ethics?	A set of professional standards, created by the National Association of REALTORS® in 1913, that requires members to be honest and put clients first.
Who has to follow it?	Only REALTORS®, meaning agents who join the NAR. A license by itself doesn’t bind you to it.
How many articles are in the code?	17, grouped into duties to clients and customers, duties to the public, and duties to other REALTORS®.
What happens if you violate it?	Penalties range from a letter of reprimand to mandatory courses, fines up to $15,000, and suspension or expulsion from the NAR.
Is the code of ethics on the real estate exam?	Yes. Ethics, agency duties, and fair housing appear throughout the national portion of the exam.

What is the real estate code of ethics?

The real estate code of ethics is a set of professional standards, first adopted by the National Association of REALTORS® (NAR) in 1913, that requires members to be honest, put clients first, and treat everyone fairly. The real estate code of ethics is, in plain terms, the NAR's rulebook for how real estate professionals should treat clients, customers, and each other.

Trust is the whole point. According to Gallup's most recent reading on the profession, in 2022, only 24% of Americans rated real estate agents' honesty and ethics as "high" or "very high." That's up from 20% in 2015, but it still means three out of four people start out skeptical. The code exists to move that number, and following it is how you earn a reputation that pays you back for decades.

The code is not a vague set of suggestions. It's a binding agreement, enforced with real penalties, that every member promises to uphold.

Who has to follow the realtor code of ethics?

Only REALTORS® have to follow the code of ethics, not every licensed agent. A REALTOR® is a real estate agent who belongs to the National Association of REALTORS®, the largest trade group in the industry.

This is the part most articles get wrong, so read it twice. "Agent" and "REALTOR®" are not the same thing. Roughly 1.5 million U.S. agents are NAR members, and there are close to twice as many licensed agents as there are members. If you get your license but never join the NAR, the code of ethics doesn't automatically apply to you.

There's a catch that works in the public's favor. Many state real estate commissions adopt the code, in whole or in part, into their own license rules. Where that happens, those standards apply to every licensed agent in the state, member or not. So even if you skip the NAR, you may still answer to most of these rules.

	Licensed real estate agent	REALTOR®
What it is	State-issued license to practice	License plus NAR membership
Bound by the NAR code of ethics	Not directly (unless your state adopts it)	Yes, always
Ethics training	Only if your state requires it	Required by the NAR every 3 years
Can use the REALTOR® trademark	No	Yes
Who oversees them	State real estate commission	State commission plus local, state, and national associations

What are the 17 articles of the code of ethics?

The code of ethics has 17 articles, split into three groups: duties to clients and customers (Articles 1 through 9), duties to the public (Articles 10 through 14), and duties to other REALTORS® (Articles 15 through 17). Here's the short version of each group.

Duties to clients and customers (Articles 1–9). These cover the people you work for and with. You put your client's interests first (Article 1). You don't misrepresent or hide facts about a property (Article 2). You cooperate with other agents when it serves your client (Article 3). You disclose any personal stake in a deal, like buying a listing yourself (Articles 4–5). You don't take kickbacks or hidden payments (Articles 6–7). You keep client money separate from your own and never commingle it (Article 8). And you make sure contracts are clear and easy to understand (Article 9).

Duties to the public (Articles 10–14). These protect everyone, client or not. You don't discriminate based on race, religion, sex, or other protected classes (Article 10). You only work within your area of competence (Article 11). You advertise honestly and avoid blind ads that hide who you are (Article 12). You follow the law (Article 13). And you cooperate with the association if you're investigated (Article 14).

Duties to other REALTORS® (Articles 15–17). These keep the profession civil. You don't make false statements about other agents (Article 15). You respect other agents' exclusive agreements with their clients (Article 16). And you settle business disputes through mediation or arbitration instead of dragging everyone to court (Article 17).

What counts as a code of ethics violation?

A violation is any breach of the 17 articles, and the penalties run from a warning letter to a $15,000 fine, mandatory education, or losing your NAR membership. The most common complaints are easy to picture: an agent who hides a known defect (Article 2), one who mixes a client's deposit with personal cash (Article 8), or one who trashes a competitor to win a listing (Article 15).

Enforcement starts with the local REALTOR® association, which reviews complaints through a hearing panel. According to the NAR's Code of Ethics and Arbitration Manual, sanctions can include a letter of reprimand, a fine of up to $15,000, required courses, and suspension or expulsion. In states that have written the code into license law, a serious violation can cost you your license, not only your membership.

How often do agents have to take ethics training?

The NAR requires every REALTOR® to complete code of ethics training every three years. The course takes a few hours and covers the articles, recent changes, and real case examples. Miss the deadline and you can lose your membership until you make it up.

On top of that, many states require ethics hours as part of continuing education for license renewal. So ethics training tends to follow you through your whole career, not only at the start.

Is the real estate code of ethics on the exam?

Yes. Ethics, agency duties, and fair housing rules appear throughout the national portion of the real estate licensing exam. The national portion is the part of the exam that tests federal and general principles every agent must know, no matter the state.

You don't need to memorize all 17 articles word for word. You do need to recognize the principles behind them: who you owe a fiduciary duty to, what you must disclose, what counts as misrepresentation, and where fair housing law draws the line. These questions trip people up because the answers sound like common sense until you see four similar choices and have to pick the one the law backs.

The bottom line for new agents

The code of ethics isn't busywork. It's the shortcut to the one thing that's hardest to earn and easiest to lose in this business: trust. Learn it now, while you're studying, and you'll answer exam questions faster and start your career on the right side of every client relationship.

Get exam-ready on ethics, agency, and fair housing

Ethics questions are some of the most missable on the licensing exam, because they sound simple until the answer choices start splitting hairs. Our real estate exam prep drills the code of ethics, agency duties, and fair housing with hundreds of practice questions built to match the real test. Start your exam prep today and walk in ready.

Real Estate Career

What are Titles and Deeds in Property Ownership?

Terminology

3 min

In the realm of real estate, the terms "title" and "deed" are often mentioned and sometimes used interchangeably. However, they refer to distinct aspects of property ownership. As a real estate agent, it's crucial to understand the differences in these concepts to provide accurate and useful information to your clients. This guide will delve into the differences between a title and a deed and their significance in real estate transactions.

What is a Title in Real Estate?

A title is a legal concept representing the right to own, possess, use, control, and transfer a specific piece of real estate. It is the evidence of ownership and includes all associated rights, interests, and benefits. Holding a title means having legal ownership rights and the ability to exercise various prerogatives related to the property.

Ensuring a clear and marketable title is vital in real estate transactions. A title search is conducted to verify that the title is free from claims, liens, encumbrances, or other issues that could affect the buyer's ownership rights or the property's value. This process helps confirm the chain of ownership and identify potential legal or financial problems.

It's important to note that a title is not a physical document but a legal concept representing ownership rights. However, documents like deeds, surveys, and title insurance policies can support and document the title, establishing and protecting the owner's rights and interests. Let’s now look at what a deed is.

What is a Deed?

A deed, in contrast, is the physical legal document that evidences the transfer or conveyance of property rights from one party (the grantor) to another (the grantee). It is used in property transactions to formally transfer ownership of real estate. A deed typically includes information such as the parties involved, a description of the property, the grantor's intent, the consideration exchanged, and the signatures of the grantor and witnesses or a notary public.

Once executed, the deed conveys legal ownership rights from the grantor to the grantee, making the grantee the new owner of the property. The deed serves as evidence of their rightful ownership.

Simplifying the Difference for Clients

When explaining the difference between a title and a deed to clients, consider using the following terms:

Title: Think of the title as proof that you own something valuable, like a car or a house. It's like a certificate that says you are the rightful owner.
Deed: The deed is the document that shows you received or transferred ownership of that item. It's like the receipt you get when you buy something or the paper you sign when you buy or sell something.

In essence, the title is the official record of ownership, while the deed is the physical document that legally documents the transfer of ownership. The title establishes your rights as the owner, and the deed provides the paper trail of the transaction that made you the owner.

Final Thoughts

Understanding the difference between a title and a deed is fundamental for real estate agents in guiding their clients through property transactions. A clear grasp of these concepts ensures a smooth and secure real estate experience. With this knowledge, agents can navigate the complexities of title and deed transfers, facilitating successful transactions in the dynamic real estate industry.

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When you join, you get 8+ hours of video content designed to teach you the concepts, vocabulary, historical events, and laws you’ll see on the national real estate exam.

Our exam prep package comes with unlimited practice exams, vocabulary flashcards, an eBook study guide, thousands of question and answer videos, and video explainers.

Get both program together or individually. You can access the real estate crash course videos and prep package using the US Realty Training app.

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Exam Prep

What is the Pennsylvania State Real Estate Commission?

Real Estate Career

4 min

The Pennsylvania State Real Estate Commission approves every license, every school, and every renewal in your real estate career, and the exam expects you to know how it works. Most study guides gloss over it.

This guide covers what the commission is, who sits on it, what it regulates, and where you'll deal with it from pre-licensing to renewal. Every fact below comes from the commission's own pages, current as of July 2026.

Question	Quick answer
What is the Pennsylvania State Real Estate Commission?	The state body that licenses and regulates real estate professionals in Pennsylvania. It operates under the Department of State's Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs.
How many members does the commission have?	11 members: five licensed real estate brokers, one licensed cemetery broker, three public members, the BPOA commissioner, and a consumer protection designee from the Attorney General's office.
Who appoints commission members?	The governor appoints them, and the Pennsylvania Senate confirms the appointments. Members serve five-year terms.
What can the commission do if an agent breaks the rules?	It can investigate complaints, issue fines, and suspend or revoke licenses. Complaints are filed through the Pennsylvania Department of State.
How often do Pennsylvania real estate licenses renew?	Every two years, expiring May 31 of even-numbered years. Renewal requires 14 hours of commission-approved continuing education.

What is the Pennsylvania State Real Estate Commission?

The Pennsylvania State Real Estate Commission is the state body that licenses real estate professionals, approves real estate schools, and enforces license law in Pennsylvania. License law is the set of state rules that control who can practice real estate and how.

The commission operates inside the Pennsylvania Department of State's Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs. Its authority comes from the Real Estate Licensing and Registration Act of 1980, known as RELRA. When your instructor says "license law," this is the law and the agency behind it.

The commission's job is consumer protection, not agent protection. Every rule it enforces exists so the public can trust the person handling the largest purchase of their life.

What does the commission regulate?

The commission regulates eight license types plus every school that teaches real estate in Pennsylvania. According to the Pennsylvania Department of State, that covers:

Real estate brokers and salespersons
Cemetery brokers and cemetery salespersons
Campground membership salespersons
Time-share salespersons
Builder-owner salespersons
Rental listing referral agents

It also polices the unlicensed practice of real estate, and no school can offer real estate instruction without the commission's approval. If you took your 75 hours from an approved provider, the commission signed off on that school.

Who sits on the commission?

The commission has 11 members: five licensed real estate brokers, one licensed cemetery broker, three public members, the commissioner of the Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs, and a consumer protection designee from the Attorney General's office. This breakdown is a favorite exam question.

Seat	How many	How they get there
Licensed real estate brokers	5	Appointed by the governor, confirmed by the Senate
Licensed cemetery broker	1	Appointed by the governor, confirmed by the Senate
Public members	3	Appointed by the governor, confirmed by the Senate
BPOA commissioner	1	Serves by office
Consumer protection designee	1	Designated from the Attorney General's office

The governor appoints the broker, cemetery broker, and public members, and the Pennsylvania Senate confirms them. Members serve five-year terms, and a majority of members makes a quorum. As of July 2026, the Department of State's roster lists Annie Hanna Cestra as chair, with two of the three public seats vacant.

Why both industry and public members? The broker seats bring working knowledge of the business. The public seats keep the commission answering to consumers, not the industry it regulates.

How does the commission fit into getting your license?

The commission sets the requirements at every step between "I want a license" and "I have one." Here's the path for a salesperson license:

Education. Complete 75 hours of pre-licensing coursework from a commission-approved provider.
Exam. Pass the state licensing exam, administered by Pearson VUE, the commission's testing vendor. The national portion covers general principles, and the state portion covers Pennsylvania license law, including the commission itself.
Application. Apply through PALS, the Pennsylvania Licensing System, with your education certificates, exam results, and background check.
Sponsorship. Activate the license under a sponsoring broker. The commission issues the license, but you practice under a broker's supervision.

The full walkthrough, with costs and timelines, is in our step-by-step Pennsylvania licensing guide.

What happens after you're licensed?

The commission stays in your career through renewals, continuing education, and discipline. Per the Department of State's renewal rules, Pennsylvania licenses expire May 31 of every even-numbered year, and renewal requires 14 hours of commission-approved continuing education per two-year cycle. The commission sets required course topics each cycle, so check the current cycle's list before you enroll.

Let a license sit expired or inactive for five or more years and the commission requires you to retake the licensing exams before reactivating. That rule surprises a lot of returning agents.

On the enforcement side, anyone can file a complaint against a licensee through the Department of State. The commission investigates, and when it finds violations it can levy fines, suspend a license, or revoke it. Disciplinary actions are published, so one bad decision follows an agent in public records.

The takeaway

The Pennsylvania State Real Estate Commission is the gatekeeper for your education, your exam, your license, and your renewals. Learn its structure once, because it shows up twice: on the state portion of your exam, and in every licensing step of your career.

The commission's composition, powers, and RELRA are core state-portion material. Drill them with the Pennsylvania real estate exam prep program and turn license law into easy points on test day.

Real Estate Career

Ultimate Guide to Passing the Real Estate Exam on Your First Try

How To

11 min.

If you’re feeling overwhelmed from studying and taking the real estate exam, don't worry.

This article is designed to be your ultimate study guide and checklist, equipping you with the knowledge and strategies to prepare for and pass the real estate exam.

Question	Quick answer
How hard is it to pass the real estate exam on the first try?	It's very doable with the right prep. Most first-time failures come from weak study habits, not the material itself.
How long should I study to pass?	Most people need two to six weeks at about an hour a day. You're ready when you score 80% or higher on practice exams.
What's the best way to study for the real estate exam?	Active recall. Spend your time answering timed practice questions instead of rereading notes, and study your misses first.
Should I guess if I don't know an answer?	Yes. Unanswered questions are always wrong, so eliminate the weak options and make your best guess.
Do I need a perfect score to pass?	No. You only need your state's minimum, usually about 70%. No one sees your final score.

Preparing for test day? Our real estate exam prep course includes unlimited practice exams, vocabulary flashcards, video explanations, and state-specific study guides — everything you need to pass on your first try.

What to study for the real estate exam

The real estate exam isn't the same across the U.S. Each state has its specific exam, with a different set of questions, timeframe, and passing requirements. It is, therefore, important to check your state's specific requirements and exam structure before you begin your preparations.

Typically, real estate exams consist of two portions:

The national portion, which covers real estate topics applicable across the entire country
And the state-specific portion focuses on regulations and laws unique to a particular state.

While the state-specific portions of these exams may vary, there are some core topics that nearly every real estate exam tests for. A thorough understanding of these core topics will greatly increase your chances of passing, regardless of your state. They include:

State regulation of the real estate industry

This has to do with the structure of the state's real estate department and the regulations they impose on real estate salespersons and brokers. State-specific real estate laws and regulations may include:

Licensing requirements
Professional conduct
Scope of practice
Roles of the commission
Duties of licensees
Refusal, suspension, revocation, and renewal of a License

Federal fair housing regulation

The real estate exam will test your knowledge of federal laws prohibiting discrimination in housing. You should, therefore, be well-versed in the Fair Housing Act of 1968 and its provisions to ensure equal housing opportunities for all individuals. Expect questions on:

Protected classes
Prohibited conduct (red-lining, blockbusting, steering)
Americans with Disabilities (ADA)
Exemptions

Fiduciary duties

This topic involves knowing the responsibilities of agents to their clients, including loyalty, confidentiality, disclosure, obedience, and accountability. You may also be asked to identify scenarios where these duties come into play.

Contracts and disclosures

Real estate transactions involve various contracts and disclosures. You should be prepared to learn contract concepts, such as offer and acceptance, and the importance of legally binding agreements.

Financing

Familiarize yourself with the basics of real estate financing, including mortgages, interest rates, loan types, and the roles of financial institutions in real estate transactions. You might also encounter questions about loan qualifications and mortgage calculations.

Math

Real estate exams often include math-related questions. You might be required to perform calculations involving:

Property valuation
Commissions/Compensation
Property taxes
Prorations
Property area calculations
Loan financing costs
Settlements and closing costs
Property management calculations

Ensure you're comfortable with these mathematical concepts before your exam to enable you to answer the questions accurately.

Property transfer & ownership

This topic involves understanding the processes of transferring property ownership, including deeds, titles, and the various forms of property ownership, e.g., joint tenancy and tenancy in common. Also, be prepared to answer questions related to property conveyance.

Vocabulary & acronyms

One of the keys to success in the real estate exam is mastering common and uncommon real estate terminologies and acronyms. You can easily grasp the bulk of the study material by understanding the terminology.

Be sure to remember important acronyms like RESPA (Real Estate Settlements and Procedures Act). There will be questions with acronyms and knowing them will help you understand what the question is talking about.

How to study for the real estate exam

Here are the best study tips and strategies that will boost your confidence and enhance your chances of acing the exam.

Gather your resources

This step is all about organizing your resources for the journey ahead to make your study process easier and more efficient. Before you begin studying, take note of all the materials at your disposal, including:

Online pre-licensing courses
Instructional videos
Free online resources
Ebooks
Textbooks

Make these resources quick and easy to access for when you study. That way, you spend less time finding the information and more time learning the information.

Make a study routine

Establishing a study routine is important! Study schedules help you remain consistent with your studies by ensuring that you spend quality time studying every day while balancing your other daily activities.

Here’s our study length tip: 1-1.5 hours every night. Don’t force yourself to study for long swaths of the time. That will make mustering up the will to study more difficult! Studying a little bit every night helps you build momentum because it’s much easier to manage and let’s you learn and retain more.

Make an outline

In tandem with your study schedule, an outline can provide a roadmap for what to study and when. This outline can be as detailed as you need it to be, covering entire topics, chapters, subtopics, and specific focus areas. Your outline should also contain deadlines and timelines to help you stay on track and prevent delays.

We recommend making an outline based on subjects. For example, focus on fair housing laws in one study session and then contracts the next. This helps you focus and build a bigger picture for each subject without adding more stress of switching gears continuously.

Drill flashcards

Vocabulary words and acronyms are vital components of real estate learning, and one of the most effective ways to memorize them is by using flashcards. You can create handmade paper flashcards or use digital ones to test yourself on key terms regularly.

Take practice exams

Practice exams are invaluable in helping you become familiar with the actual exam format and questions. They also provide a platform to practice test-taking strategies and assess their effectiveness. We recommend taking practice exams repeatedly until you consistently score at least 80% on each exam you take.

Form a study group

Study groups are a great way to solidify your understanding of your learning materials. You strengthen your knowledge by engaging in discussions, explaining concepts to others, and listening to others explain their version of the same concepts.

Additionally, you can learn from the test-taking strategies of others and adapt them to your advantage. We recommend getting in contact with a few classmates from your pre-licensing course. If you took the courses online by yourself, look around for online groups or your school’s community pages.

Exam prep package

We mentioned making flashcards and taking practice exams before. It’s a lot of (unnecessary) work to create your own flashcards and practice questions. Luckily, we provide an online real estate exam prep package that gives you access to thousands of vocabulary flashcards, unlimited practice exams, explanation videos, and an eBook study guide.

You’ll learn math formulas you need to know, have quick and organized access to every concept and acronym on the exam, and unlimited access to countless variations of practice exams. This is the quickest and easiest way to study for the real estate exam.

How to prepare for the real estate exam

As your exam day approaches, it's essential to ensure you're well-prepared, both physically and mentally. Here is a breakdown of the best practices you should implement the night before and the day of your exam.

The night before

The night before your exam is the best time to organize everything you need for the exam. Here are some things to do:

Organize what you need to bring for the exam

Take some time to make a checklist of your exam essentials, including:

Means of identification
Basic calculator (if permitted)
Any specific items required by your state, like pre-licensing course certificates

Remember that being well-prepared will save you from unnecessary stress in the morning.

No last minute cramming

While squeezing in a last-minute study session might be tempting, it's generally not advisable. This is because cramming can lead to anxiety and hinder your performance during the exam. Instead, trust in your preparation, and remember that a good night's sleep is more valuable.

Have a good dinner

A balanced meal will keep hunger at bay, helping you focus and preventing distractions as you prepare for the big day. It’ll also put you in the right mood and give you plenty of energy to focus.

Relax

Take some time to unwind and ease your mind. Instead of worrying about the exam, engage in activities that help you relax, such as reading a book, watching a comforting movie, or practicing relaxation techniques.

Go to bed on time

Fatigue can affect your cognitive abilities and decision-making, making you underperform during the exam. Therefore, your top priority the night before your exam should be to get a good night's sleep.

The day of

The morning of your exam should be dedicated to double-checking you have everything you need and getting yourself into an excited, positive attitude. Here are some things to do on the day of your exam to give you a good start:

Wake up early

Waking up early after a good night's rest is important on the day of your exam, as it gives you ample time to prepare for the day. Waking up early also prevents you from rushing to meet up with the time for your exam, helping to keep you calm and collected.

Get your required items together

Double-check that all the items necessary for the exam are ready. Consult the list you made the night before and make sure you don’t forget them while you walk out the door.

Eliminate all distraction

Mental clarity is very important before your exam, and you should create an environment that puts you in this state. Silence or turn off your phone and avoid engaging in activities that may cause unnecessary stress.

Eat a good meal

Enjoy a nutritious breakfast or meal before heading to the exam center. Eating well helps reduce hunger distractions and enhances your ability to think clearly during the exam.

Do what makes you feel good

Before leaving for the exam center, indulge in activities that put you in a positive and confident mood. These could be listening to your favorite music, taking a short walk, or practicing deep breathing exercises.

Tips while taking the real estate exam

As you step into the exam room for your real estate exam, it's essential to have a strategy in place to maximize your chances of success. These tips will help you navigate the exam with confidence and efficiency.

Skip the math problems (until the end)

Math problems can be time-consuming and often comprise a small portion of the exam – typically between 5 and 10 questions. It is, therefore, advisable to postpone them until later so you can focus on answering the easier, less time-consuming questions first.

However, if a math question seems straightforward and the answer is obvious, feel free to answer it first.

Answer the easy questions first

Starting with the easy questions instead of the more difficult ones builds your confidence and ensures you cover a substantial portion of the exam faster. This approach also gives you more time to tackle the more challenging questions later.

Read each question carefully

Real estate exam questions are designed to be tricky, Pay close attention to words like:

Except
Is NOT
Always
Never
NOT true
False

These words intentionally alter the question's meaning and confuse you. Therefore, it is important to read each question carefully and only pick an answer when you’ve understood it. Some questions are intentionally designed to trick you.

Eliminate wrong answers

If you encounter a question whose answer you’re unsure of, use the process of elimination to increase your likelihood of selecting the correct answer. This process involves crossing out answers you're certain are incorrect to narrow down your options.

Don't pick answers you've never heard of

If you've diligently studied, you should be familiar enough with the topics to identify terminologies that did not come up when you studied. If an answer seems unfamiliar, avoid selecting it, as it is likely incorrect.

If two answers are opposite, it's likely one of them

On occasion, exam questions may offer two answers that are opposites. In such cases, one of these options is likely correct. Consider both choices carefully and use your judgment to determine the right one.

Longer or more detailed answers are usually correct

One common test-taking strategy is to look out for longer or more detailed answers that provide comprehensive information, as they are usually the correct answers in many cases.

Answer every question, even if you have to guess

If you don’t know the answer to a question, try to take a guess. Remember, unanswered questions are always wrong, whereas guessing will give you a 25% chance of getting the answer right.

Don't compete for first place

Rushing through the exam to finish first is counterproductive. It puts you in a rushed state that can leave you second-guessing yourself and increases your chances of making errors. Instead, take your time and try to get as many questions as possible answered correctly within the allotted time.

All you need to do is pass

Regarding real estate exams, you do not need to get a perfect testing score. All you need to do is achieve the minimum passing score. In most cases, you won’t be shown your final score. In fact, there is no benefit to getting a score higher than what is needed to pass. So don't waste time dwelling on a few challenging questions.

Take one last look

Before submitting your exam, take a moment to review your work. Ensure that no questions are left unanswered and that you haven't overlooked any details. This final check can make a significant difference in your results.

Takeaway

Passing on the first try comes down to three moves: study on a schedule, practice under the clock, and work the test smartly when you're unsure. Do those, and the exam stops being a wall and starts being a formality.

Want the study plan, the question bank, and the exact question styles you'll see on test day in one place? Start with our exam prep crash course and give yourself the best shot at passing the first time.

Exam Prep

Pennsylvania Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

How To

Planning

10 min.

‍Quick answer: The Pennsylvania real estate exam has 120 scored questions (80 national + 40 state), costs $49, and requires a 75% passing score on both portions. You have 150 minutes for the national section and 60 minutes for the state section. Results appear immediately. The first-time pass rate is 61% national / 46% state.

You've completed your educational requirement, and one of the last things standing between you and your license is the Pennsylvania real estate exam. While this is an exciting and important step, it also requires preparation and focus to ensure you pass your test and get your license!

120

Scored exam questions

$49

Exam fee per attempt

75%

Minimum passing score

46%

First-time pass rate (state)

How to Schedule the Pennsylvania Real Estate Licensing Exam

To schedule your exam, you must first submit your Certificate of Completion for the required courses to Pearson VUE, a private company that the state contracts to administer and schedule real estate licensing exams.

When your application is approved, you can then schedule your exam. You must schedule your test at least 24 hours in advance, and no walk-ins are allowed.

⚠ Exam fee

During the registration process, you'll pay an exam registration fee of $49, which covers both the state and national sections. After passing, expect additional fees of around $127 for a background check and salesperson licensing fees.

Where Do You Take the Pennsylvania Real Estate License Exam?

Pennsylvania has 10 Pearson VUE test centers across the state. Make sure to arrive at least 30 minutes early on the day of your test, and prepare to be there between 1 and 2.5 hours.

Allentown

BlueBell

Erie

Harrisburg

King of Prussia

Lancaster

Philadelphia (Center City)

Pittsburgh

Scranton

Wayne

Can You Take the Exam Online?

Beginning in late 2024, the Pennsylvania Real Estate Commission authorized OnVUE remote proctoring through Pearson VUE. You now have two options:

Option 1

Online (OnVUE)

Test at home on a Windows 10+ or macOS 13+ computer with a webcam and stable 6 Mbps / 2 Mbps internet. Book in the Clarus portal — same-day appointments are often available.

Option 2

In-person

Sit the exam at any Pearson VUE centre in Pennsylvania (or elsewhere in the U.S. — more than 300 locations available). If scheduling by phone, you must book ≥ 24 hours ahead.

What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam

Pennsylvania requires two unexpired, government-issued forms of ID. One must have a photo; the other only needs a signature and legal name. Acceptable IDs include:

Government-issued Driver's License
U.S. Dept. of State Driver's License
U.S. Learner's Permit (plastic card only, with photo and signature)
National / State / Country ID card
Passport or Passport Card
Military ID
Alien Registration Card (Green Card, Permanent Resident Visa)

💡 Name change tip

If your name differs in any way from what's on your ID, bring proof of a name change — otherwise you will not be allowed to sit the exam and will have to reschedule. Also bring a basic hand-held calculator; graphing calculators are not permitted.

What Is on the Pennsylvania Real Estate Exam?

The Pennsylvania Real Estate exam is made up of 120 scored questions with a national and state section. You'll have 150 minutes to complete the national portion and 60 minutes for the state section. Note that each part also contains 5–10 unscored pre-test items that do not affect your score.

National section (80 questions)

Real Property Characteristics, Legal Descriptions & Property Use — 11 Qs
Forms of Ownership, Transfer & Recording of Title — 9 Qs
Property Value and Appraisal — 11 Qs
Real Estate Contracts and Agency — 16 Qs
Real Estate Practice — 10 Qs
Property Disclosures and Environmental Issues — 9 Qs
Financing and Settlement — 7 Qs
Real Estate Math Calculations — 7 Qs

Pennsylvania state section (40 questions)

Real Estate Commission — 5 Qs
Licensure — 8 Qs
Regulations Governing Licensees — 11 Qs
Agency & Disclosure — 10 Qs
Miscellaneous — 6 Qs

Once you submit your exam, you'll receive your score immediately and see if you passed or failed.

Will There Be Math on the Exam?

Yes. There is a real estate math calculation section covering property area calculations, valuations, commissions, loan financing costs, and more. The Pennsylvania Real Estate Commission recommends memorizing basic calculations like the number of square feet in an acre or the number of feet in a mile. Bringing a basic calculator is allowed and recommended for larger calculations.

Is the Pennsylvania Real Estate Exam Hard?

The Pennsylvania real estate exam can be a challenge — but only if you haven't taken the time to study or prepare. The more time you spend studying, the easier you'll find the exam and the more likely you'll pass on the first try.

How Many Questions Are on the Pennsylvania Real Estate Exam?

The exam has 120 scored questions — 80 national and 40 state-specific — with an additional 5–10 unscored pre-test items. The passing standard is 75% for both parts:

National section: 80 questions — you need at least 60 correct to pass
State section: 40 questions — you need at least 30 correct to pass

What Is the Passing Rate for the Real Estate Exam in Pennsylvania?

The Pennsylvania real estate exam is considered moderately difficult. According to state data:

61%

First-time pass rate — national portion

46%

First-time pass rate — state portion

150 min

Time for national section

60 min

Time for state section

⚠ State section difficulty

With less than half of test takers passing the state section on their first try, the Pennsylvania state portion requires especially thorough preparation. Focus extra study time on PA-specific regulations and agency disclosure rules.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

If you don't pass on the first try — don't worry! You can retake the exam as many times as needed. Since the state and national sections are scored separately, you'll only have to retake the section you failed. You can reschedule on the Pearson VUE website; keep in mind you'll have to pay the $49 fee again.

Salesperson candidates: five years after completing your educational requirements
Broker candidates: ten years, giving you plenty of time to pass

Ready to start studying?

Enroll in our Pennsylvania Exam Prep and get access to over 1,500 practice questions, customizable state exams, vocabulary flashcards, video explanations, and an e-book study guide.

Enroll now →

Pass guarantee included · Most competitive price

How to Pass the Pennsylvania Real Estate Exam

With proper study and preparation, you will be able to pass your Pennsylvania licensing exam and start helping clients buy and sell real estate. This requires time and investment into an exam prep program so you can go into your exam feeling confident. A guided program will reiterate the lessons from your pre-licensing coursework and provide you with study tools to prepare you for the multiple-choice questions on the exam.

Create a Study Schedule

Set yourself up for success by creating a study schedule that you can follow throughout your exam prep. Whether life gets busy or you need a little extra structure, having a designated time to study for your real estate exam will ensure it's top of mind when the time comes.

Put the time on your calendar, and then set a timer for the study time block. We recommend studying a little bit every night if possible, or at least every other night. You'll thank yourself later that you took the time to set up a schedule and be consistent with your exam prep!

Use Acronyms and Mnemonic Devices

If you have a hard time memorizing different real estate terminology, an acronym or mnemonic device can help. These are study strategies that use rhyming words or phrases to help your brain remember vocabulary words. A common mnemonic device is Roy G. Biv for the colors of the rainbow. Try creating a mnemonic device for different real estate terms or concepts.

Join a Study Group

There are countless benefits to joining a study group to prep for your real estate exam. While studying alone might help you focus, joining a study group can connect you with other students and provide you with new ways to learn and remember information. You'll be able to discuss problems and ideas together, helping to foster new connections and become more confident about the exam material. Plus, with a study group, you'll have some added accountability leading up to the exam.

Get Guided Help

Your pre-licensing classes helped you learn the material, but a Pennsylvania real estate exam prep can get you ready for the actual exam content. When you enroll in our exam prep package, you'll get access to:

Over 1,500 Pennsylvania real estate exam practice questions
Customizable practice state exams
Vocabulary flashcards
Video explanations by real estate experts
E-book study guide
8+ hours of crash course video content led by Robert Rico

TL;DR — key takeaways

The PA real estate exam has 120 scored questions (80 national + 40 state) plus 5–10 unscored items
You need 75% on both portions; time limits are 150 min (national) and 60 min (state)
The exam costs $49 per attempt and can be taken in-person or online via OnVUE
First-time pass rate: 61% national, 46% state — the state section requires extra prep
Create a study schedule, use mnemonic devices, join a study group, and get guided help

Frequently Asked Questions

How many questions are on the Pennsylvania real estate exam? +

The exam has 120 scored items — 80 national and 40 state questions — plus 5–10 unscored pilot questions that do not affect your score.

What is the passing score for the PA real estate exam? +

You must earn at least 75% on each part: 60 correct out of 80 national questions and 30 correct out of 40 state questions.

How much time do I get to finish the test? +

You have 150 minutes for the national portion and 60 minutes for the state portion.

Can I take the Pennsylvania real estate exam online? +

Yes. Since late 2024, you may choose either an in-person Pearson VUE center or an online OnVUE session proctored at home.

What does the Pennsylvania real estate exam cost? +

The fee is $49 per attempt, covering both the state and national sections. After passing, additional fees of around $127 apply for a background check and licensing.

How soon do I get my results? +

Your pass-or-fail result appears on screen immediately after you submit the exam.

What happens if I fail the Pennsylvania real estate exam? +

You may retake either section an unlimited number of times. Salesperson candidates have five years from completing coursework; broker candidates have ten years. You only retake the section you failed.

What is the pass rate for the Pennsylvania real estate exam? +

61% of first-time test takers pass the national portion, and only 46% pass the state-specific section on their first attempt — making thorough preparation especially important.

Ace the Pennsylvania real estate exam on your first try

Every year, thousands of people take and pass the Pennsylvania real estate exam thanks to diligent studying and prep. If you're looking for a trusted, affordable, and easy-to-use study program, we can help.

Start exam prep today →

1,500+ practice questions · Video explanations · Pass guarantee

RR

Robert Rico

Chief Executive Director · US Realty Training · Licensed since 1995

Robert Rico is the Chief Executive Director of US Realty Training and a licensed Real Estate agent since 1995. After years of teaching and working full-time as an agent alongside his wife Carolee — helping hundreds of families achieve homeownership — Robert combined his passion for teaching with his love of Real Estate to create the USRT training program in 2012. He remains actively involved in reviewing course materials and hiring trainers to ensure every student has the best possible path to their Real Estate license.

Licensed since 1995 Chief Executive Director Updated Jan 2026

What is a Package Mortgage?

A package mortgage is a loan that covers both the purchase of a property and the personal property inside it, such as appliances and furniture. Both the real estate and personal property are used as collateral for the loan. For example, if a home is valued at $200,000 and has $50,000 worth of personal property, a package mortgage could be obtained for $250,000 to cover both.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Package Mortgages

Advantages:

Allows for one payment at a low-interest rate for both the house and personal property.
Ideal for buyers who may not have enough savings to cover down payments, closing costs, and personal property purchases.

Disadvantages:

The lender can use both the house and personal property as collateral if mortgage payments are not made.
Borrowers cannot sell any personal property included in the loan without lender approval.

How Do Mortgages Work?

A mortgage is essentially a loan secured by a property where the borrower agrees to repay the borrowed amount over a set period. To be eligible for a mortgage, buyers need to satisfy the lender's requirements, which usually involve assessing the buyer's credit history, debt levels, income, and the costs associated with owning a home. When evaluating a loan application, lenders often consider the four main components of a mortgage payment, known as PITI: principal (the loan amount), interest (the cost of borrowing), taxes (property taxes), and insurance (homeowners insurance).

For example, if a buyer takes out a $200,000 mortgage with a 4% interest rate for 30 years, the principal is $200,000 and the interest is the cost of borrowing that amount over the loan term. Additionally, the buyer will need to pay property taxes and homeowners insurance, which are included in the monthly mortgage payment. The lender will review all of these factors to determine if the buyer qualifies for the loan. To turn those four pieces into a monthly number, use the mortgage payment formula.

Different Types of Mortgages

Conventional Mortgage:

Not backed by the federal government, usually requires a higher down payment.

Jumbo Mortgage:

Used for higher-priced homes, depending on local standards.

Fixed-Rate Mortgage:

Interest rate remains the same throughout the loan term.

Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM):

Interest rate changes annually.

Federal Housing Administration (FHA):

Government-backed loans requiring lower down payments.

VA (Department of Veterans Affairs):

Loans for military members or veterans; no down payment required.

USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture):

Loans for rural areas; no down payment required.

Construction Mortgage:

For financing a house being built or renovated.

Home Equity Loan:

Borrowing against the equity built in a home.

Purchase Money Mortgage:

Seller financing, where the buyer makes payments directly to the seller.

Balloon Mortgage:

Lower payments initially, with a larger payment at the end of the term.

Blanket Mortgage:

Used to purchase multiple properties under one loan.

Package Mortgage vs. Blanket Mortgage

When comparing package mortgages and blanket mortgages, it's important to understand their distinct purposes and structures:

Package Mortgage:

A package mortgage is a unique type of loan that combines financing for both a house and the personal property contained within it, such as appliances and furniture.
Both the real estate and the personal property are used as collateral for the loan. This means that if the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender has the right to seize not only the house but also the personal property financed under the package mortgage.
This type of mortgage is beneficial for buyers who wish to finance the purchase of a home and its contents together, potentially simplifying the buying process and possibly securing a lower interest rate for the total package.

Blanket Mortgage:

A blanket mortgage, on the other hand, is designed to finance multiple real estate properties under a single loan. This is often used by investors, developers, or builders who are dealing with several properties at once.
With a blanket mortgage, all the properties are used as collateral. This means if the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can potentially take possession of all the properties under the blanket mortgage.
This type of mortgage is advantageous for those looking to streamline their financing process for multiple properties as it eliminates the need for multiple loans and closing processes.

In summary, while a package mortgage combines financing for a home and its contents, a blanket mortgage consolidates financing for multiple real estate properties. Both have their specific use cases and benefits depending on the borrower's needs.

Key Points for the Real Estate Exam

When preparing for the real estate exam, it's important to grasp the concept of a package mortgage. This type of loan not only finances the purchase of real estate but also includes the personal property within it, like furniture or appliances, with both assets serving as collateral.

Additionally, a solid understanding of the key differences between various mortgage types, such as Conventional, FHA, VA, USDA, fixed-rate, and variable-rate mortgages, will be beneficial. It's also crucial to distinguish between package mortgages and blanket mortgages. While a package mortgage is used for financing a single property along with its personal contents, a blanket mortgage is designed for financing multiple separate properties under one loan agreement.

To get better prepared for the real estate exam, consider signing up for our real exam prep package where we cover everything you need to know to succeed.

Final Thoughts

Mortgage loans play a critical role in real estate transactions. Unless the transaction is fully paid in cash, loans are the next viable option.

Want to make studying for the real estate exam? Join our real estate crash course and exam prep program.

When you join, you get 8+ hours of video content designed to teach you the concepts, vocabulary, historical events, and laws you’ll see on the national real estate exam.

Our exam prep package comes with unlimited practice exams, vocabulary flashcards, an eBook study guide, thousands of question and answer videos, and video explainers.

Get both program together or individually. You can access the real estate crash course videos and prep package using the US Realty Training app.

To join the program, click the button below. Let’s make studying easy!

Exam Prep

Oregon Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

How To

Planning

10 min.

Your dream of becoming an Oregon real estate agent is so close! The last thing standing in your way is passing the Oregon real estate exam and getting your license. If you’re getting ready to take the Oregon real estate exam, understanding all of the nuances and requirements can help you feel prepared and confident.

In this blog, we’ll help you understand:

How to schedule the exam
What to bring on exam day
What’s on the Oregon real estate exam
How hard the exam is
Tips and tricks for passing

Let’s dive in!

⚡ Quick Facts: Oregon Real Estate Exam (2026)

Category	Requirement / Detail
Education	150 hours of OREA-approved pre-license coursework.
Application Fee	$300 (nonrefundable, paid via eLicense portal).
Exam Fee	$75 per attempt (paid to PSI Exams).
Passing Score	75% minimum on both State (50 Qs) and National (80 Qs) sections.
New 2026 Rule	Must pass a Proficiency Assessment (HB 3137) before first renewal.
Retake Policy	Wait 24 hours for results to sync before rescheduling.
Fingerprinting	Taken at PSI for $56.25; valid for one year.
Validity	Exam scores are valid for one year from passing date.

Complete Your 150-Hour Pre-License Course before you pick a test date

Oregon won’t let you reserve a seat (online or at a PSI center) until two things are on file with the Real Estate Agency (OREA):

Your broker-license application and $300 fee — File this in the state’s eLicense portal first; OREA emails you an Applicant ID within 1-2 business days.
Proof of 150 hours of OREA-approved pre-license education.

The curriculum is seven required courses. Your school uploads your completion records to OREA and makes you “exam-eligible” inside PSI’s system.

Important 2026 Update: Assessment of License Proficiency

In alignment with House Bill (HB) 3137, a new requirement has been established for all new Oregon real estate licensees starting in 2026. While you can still obtain your initial license by passing the state exam, you are now required to pass an Assessment of License Proficiency before your first active license renewal.

What it is: A competency-based evaluation integrated into the "Advanced Practices" course finals.
Focus: The assessment tests your ability to handle real-world scenarios, such as selecting correct contract provisions and identifying client risks.
Timing: This must be completed within your first two-year licensing period to successfully renew your active license.

How to Schedule the Oregon Real Estate Licensing Exam

Ready to make it official? To schedule the Oregon real estate license exam, you’ll need to go to the PSI Exam website and create an account. Oregon has contracted with PSI Exams to administer the real estate licensing exams, and they offer both in-person and online testing.

Once you’ve created an account, you can decide whether to take the exam at a PSI test center in person or if you’d prefer to take it online at home. Even if you decide to take your exam at home, you’ll still have to pick a date and time in advance when you’ll log on and take the exam.

Exam Cost

After you’ve selected your preferred time and method of examination, you’ll pay the $75 examination fee, and then you’ll be officially booked for your exam!

Where Do You Take the Oregon Real Estate License Exam?

If you decide to take the exam at one of the PSI Testing Centers in Oregon, you’ll be able to pick from a handful of locations to find the most convenient center for you. PSI has testing centers in the following Oregon cities:

Baker City
Bend
Eugene
Independence
Medford
Portland
Wilsonville

Look at the schedule and offered times to find a testing center and date that works best for you and your location.

Can You Take the Exam Online?

Yes! You can take your Oregon real estate exam online. When booking your exam, you can choose the remote proctoring option and confirm that your home computer meets the system requirements. Simply log in to your PSI account, enter your ZIP code, and either select “Search Exam Center” for in-person options or choose “Remote Online Proctoring” to take the exam from home.

Even though you’re taking it at home, you’ll still be required to keep your camera on. You should launch your exam 15 minutes before your scheduled time to complete the check-in and security process. If you do not start the check-in process within 15 minutes of your scheduled time, you’ll forfeit your test fee and will have to reschedule the exam.

What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam

When exam day comes, even if you’re taking your exam remotely, you’ll need a form of ID to confirm your identity. This must be a government-issued ID like a passport, driver’s license or military ID, which shows your signature and photograph.

If you’re taking the test in person at a PSI Test Center, it’s recommended to bring as few personal items as possible on your exam day. You won’t be allowed to bring anything into the testing room with you, so leave your items in your car or in a locker at the testing site. You can review the details about what is and isn’t allowed on PSI’s website.

Take a free Oregon real estate practice exam

A free Oregon real estate practice exam is the fastest way to find your weak spots before test day. The 10-question quiz below mirrors the style of the real PSI questions and is a sample of the unlimited practice exams in our prep package.

What is on the Oregon Real Estate Exam?

When you sit down on exam day, you want to feel confident and prepared to take your exam. As they say, knowledge is power, so take the time to familiarize yourself with the contents of the Oregon real estate test first!

The exam is composed of two sections — an Oregon-specific section and a national real estate section. The Oregon real estate section is meant to quiz you on the rules and regulations that are in place in the state, while the national section is more about the practice of real estate generally.

The Oregon section includes the following categories:

Content Category	Question Count (Approx.)
Oregon Real Estate Related Statutes (ORS 696) Covers general statutes, licensing laws, and OREA authority.	15
Statewide Planning Goals & Land Use Focuses on Oregon's 19 Goals, UGBs, Goal 3 (Farm), and Goal 4 (Forest).	8 - 10
Oregon Agency Relationships Fiduciary duties, Agency Disclosure Pamphlet, and specific forms.	6 - 8
Real Estate Practice & Broker Activities Advertising rules, supervising roles, and professional conduct.	5 - 7
Property Disclosures Seller’s property disclosure statement and specific Oregon mandates.	5 - 7
Clients' Trust Accounts & Funds Rules for handling earnest money, commingling, and recordkeeping.	4 - 6
Total Scored Questions	50

On the national section, you can expect the following categories:

Category	Percentage / Emphasis
Contracts	17%
Practice of Real Estate	13%
General Principles of Agency	13%
Financing	10%
Real Estate Calculations (Math)	10%
Property Ownership	8%
Transfer of Title	8%
Valuation and Market Analysis	7%
Property Disclosures	6%
Land Use Controls and Regulations	5%
Leasing and Property Management	3%

By having a clear understanding of all the different categories and areas you’ll be tested on, you can strategize how you want to study and which areas deserve the most of your attention.

Resource: Oregon Candidate Information Bulletin

Will There Be Math on the Exam?

There will be a few math questions on the exam, but no need to worry! Overall, these make up a small portion of the total questions — 10% of the national section. But these questions are more geared around general math principles and less specific calculations. Some math questions are best saved for the end, because they take the longest to solve. So, if you spend the whole time answering math questions, you could miss out on answering the easy ones. It’s best to save math for last!

Is the Oregon Real Estate Exam Hard?

Yes, the Oregon real estate licensing exam is difficult. If the exam was easy, everyone would be a real estate agent in Oregon! And while it’s not impossible, taking the licensing exam should be taken seriously so you can get your license without spending more time, money, and effort retaking the exam.

How Many Questions Are on the Oregon Real Estate Exam?

Across the national and Oregon-specific sections, there is a total of 130 questions — 50 in the state section and 80 in the national section. You’ll have a time limit to complete each section, so keep that in mind as you take your practice tests and study the material. You’re given 150 minutes to complete the national section and 90 minutes on the state section.

What is the Passing Rate for the Real Estate Exam in Oregon?

PSI does not publish annual pass-rate statistics for the Oregon real estate exam.

However, the score to aim for is 75%. You must earn at least 75% on both the national and state sections to pass. For example, scoring 100% on the state section but only 65% on the national section would result in a failing grade, and you would need to retake the exam.

On exam day, you’ll see your results immediately after submitting your test. If you don’t pass, PSI will email you a diagnostic report outlining your strengths and weaknesses, which can help guide your study efforts before retaking the exam.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

The good news is you can take the exam as many times as necessary. The bad news, though, is that you’ll have to repay the $75 examination fee every time. That’s why investing in an exam prep course like RE State Exam Prep can help you pass the exam on the first try and save money in the long run.

If you do need to retake the exam, you must wait at least 24 hours for your official results to be processed by PSI’s system before you can log back in and schedule a new date. Since no walk-ins or same-day testing is allowed, make sure to follow up after your results sync to secure your next spot.

How Long are The Exam Scores Good for?

Your passing scores don’t last forever. The Oregon Real Estate Agency (OREA) will honor your National and State section scores—and your background-check clearance—for one year from the date you pass.

If you haven’t activated your broker license within that 12-month window, the scores expire and you’ll have to retake (and repay for) the entire exam. The same one-year clock applies if you only passed one section; you must pass the remaining section and complete licensing within that year.

How to Pass the Oregon Real Estate Exam

Most students ask themselves, “How can I pass the Oregon real estate exam?” The answer: proper preparation and focus.

While all the educational classes leading up to the exam give you the foundation you need, investing in a guided exam prep course can arm you with helpful study tools and resources specifically for the exam.

Try some of these tips and tricks as you prepare for the Oregon real estate exam!

Create a Study Schedule

Setting yourself up for success and passing the Oregon real estate exam requires consistency. One of the best ways to do that is to create a study schedule that you can stick to and involves studying several times a week.

Having this routine in place will give you the structure you need to dedicate time to studying for the exam. Plus, when life gets busy, you’ll be able to rely on your study schedule to offer that consistency and organization that’s helpful to passing the exam.

While studying every night would be ideal, taking the time to at least study every other night can still make a big impact. Even if you only have 15 or 30 minutes to spare, those small time blocks can make a huge difference in your study schedule. Set a timer and get to studying!

Use Acronyms and Mnemonic Devices

Looking to freshen up on your memorization skills? Bring it back to basics with an acronym or mnemonic device. This strategy has been used in classrooms for decades and utilizes rhyming words or phrases to help your brain remember vocabulary words. A common example is the phrase Roy G. Biv to remember all the rainbow colors. If you have a certain process or area that you’re struggling to remember, come up with a memorization strategy like this to help you recall it when exam time comes.

Join a Study Group

If you’re struggling to stay focused or feel alone in your studying, try to join a study group! When you meet other people that are also studying for the Oregon real estate exam, you’ll be able to build connections with fellow students and potentially collaborate to learn new methods of studying and retaining information. Plus, real estate is all about networking. So why not get a head start before you get your license by joining a study group?

Get Guided Help

As you prepare for the real estate exam, the more resources you have to practice and study, the better. That’s why investing in a guided help prep course can give you that added boost you need to feel confident and ready on exam day.

Unlike your pre-licensing educational classes, a guided prep course is specific to the test, giving you the study skills and information like practice tests that help you pass the exam. With countless practice questions and study guides, our Oregon real estate exam prep gives you an engaging and interactive way to study while helping you understand exactly what will be on the test and where your strengths and weaknesses are.

Plus, the extra investment in a guided prep program can help you save money in the long run by minimizing the chances you have to take the exam more than once.

With our packages starting at $49.99, you’ll get access to:

Over 1,500 Oregon real estate exam practice questions
Customizable practice state exams
Vocabulary flashcards
Video explanations by real estate experts
E-book study guide
And so much more

You can add real estate crash course videos. It's 8+ hours of video content that teaches you the concepts, vocabulary, historical events, and more. Led by our head instructor, Robert Rico, our crash course videos teaches you everything you need to know to pass on your first try.

Final Thoughts on the Real Estate Exam in Oregon

Don’t let the real estate exam pressure get to you! After all the hard work and preparation, you’re closer than ever to becoming an Oregon real estate agent.

Walk into exam day feeling confident and excited. With our cost-effective, reputable and proven guided exam prep, you’ll be ready to ace your exam and get your real estate license. Plus, you can feel confident it’s an investment that will pay off with our pass guarantee.

Ready to get started? Sign up today for our free 3-day trial to see how we can help.

Exam Prep

Maximizing Online Learning for Real Estate Exam Success

Tips

5 min

As the world shifts toward digital learning, leveraging online resources for real estate exam preparation has become increasingly popular.

In this blog, we'll explore the benefits of online study, and key components of exam preparation such as comprehensive study guides, practice exams, videos, tutorials, and terminology flashcards.

Benefits of Online Learning

The flexibility and convenience of online learning empower individuals to tailor their schedules to fit diverse lifestyles, accommodating professionals, parents, students, and those with demanding responsibilities.

Online companies like US Realty Training, provide access to an array of study materials, ranging from comprehensive guides to interactive quizzes and video content. The cost-effectiveness of online resources, often available at affordable rates, makes quality education and exam preparation more accessible. Because learning isn’t contingent on other people, students can study at their own time.

Enhancing Your Online Study Experience

Taking full advantage of online study resources goes beyond just accessing information. Here are some key aspects to focus on:

Leverage Interactive Tools:

Interactive learning tools transform the online study experience from passive reading to active engagement. Platforms offering quizzes and flashcards encourage regular and consistent testing, which is key to memory retention.

Simulations and interactive modules provide hands-on experience, especially beneficial for practical subjects. These tools often include immediate feedback mechanisms, allowing students to understand their progress in real time. Additionally, gamified learning elements make studying more enjoyable and less monotonous.

Utilize Video and Digital Libraries:

Video lectures and webinars are invaluable for breaking down complex concepts into digestible, engaging formats. They offer the flexibility to pause, rewind, and review sections, accommodating different learning paces. Visual and auditory learners particularly benefit from this multimedia approach. Online libraries and e-books provide instant access to a wide range of resources, making research more efficient.

Use Study Apps for Efficiency:

Study apps are essential for modern learners, providing solutions for efficient time management, effective note-taking, and organization of study materials. Apps like Evernote and OneNote allow for synchronizing notes across devices, ensuring your study materials are always accessible.

Task management apps like Trello and Asana help in setting deadlines and prioritizing tasks, keeping your study schedule on track. These tools also often include features like reminders and progress tracking, which are crucial for maintaining consistent study habits.

Engage in Online Communities:

Online forums and study groups offer a platform for collaborative learning, where you can share ideas, ask questions, and gain new perspectives. Engaging in discussions can deepen your understanding of topics and expose you to diverse viewpoints.

These communities also provide emotional support, as members often share common goals and challenges. They can be particularly beneficial in preparing for exams where group members can share resources, study tips, and encouragement.

Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them

One of the primary challenges to studying is dealing with distractions. A home environment, brimming with potential interruptions, necessitates the creation of a dedicated study space and the establishment of a routine to cultivate disciplined study habits.

Time management is another critical hurdle; the flexibility of online courses can lead to procrastination and not utilizing your time efficiently. To counter this, it's effective to set a structured schedule, break down study materials into smaller tasks, and employ techniques like the Pomodoro method to keep yourself on track.

Another significant challenge is the feeling of isolation and lack of motivation that can accompany online learning. Building a network through online study groups and forums can mitigate this, fostering a sense of community and shared purpose.

Setting achievable, short-term goals and rewarding yourself upon completion can also help maintain motivation. Staying organized and up-to-date with course requirements is crucial; utilizing digital tools for tracking progress and deadlines can ensure you remain aligned with the course's demands and changes.

Additional Resources for Exam Day

As exam day approaches, it's essential to concentrate on a few key strategies to ensure you're optimally prepared. This will also help alleviate the added stress that is common on exam day.

Review Key Concepts:

Focus on revisiting key concepts and summaries rather than trying to absorb new information. Use your well-prepared notes or flashcards for a quick recap of the main ideas. This approach helps reinforce your understanding and boosts your confidence in the material you've already mastered.

Rest and Nutrition:

Adequate rest is crucial. Ensure you get a good night's sleep before the exam to maintain mental sharpness. Avoid late-night cramming sessions that can lead to mental and cognitive fatigue. On the exam day, eat a nutritious meal to fuel your brain and maintain energy. This combination of rest and proper nutrition is pivotal in enhancing your focus and concentration during the exam.

Mental Preparation Techniques:

Practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation to calm your nerves and reduce anxiety. These methods can help clear your mind, allowing you to focus better during the exam.
Engage in positive visualization. Imagine yourself confidently taking the exam and performing well. This technique can significantly boost your self-confidence and reduce exam-day jitters.
Use positive affirmations to reinforce a success mindset. Remind yourself of your preparation and capability to handle the exam effectively.

By focusing on these three strategies, you'll be better prepared to face your exam with confidence, clarity, and calmness, which are as important as your grasp of the subject matter.

Key Components of Our Real Estate Exam Prep

The best way to study for the real estate exam is with comprehensive study guides, practice exams, video explanations, and terminology flashcards. Our online exam prep program ensures each student has access to these resources.

The study guides in our program serve as essential navigational tools, meticulously dissecting complex real estate concepts into digestible and understandable sections. This breakdown transforms intimidating topics into accessible content, making the learning process more approachable and less overwhelming for students.

Practice exams within the program are designed to closely mirror the format and topics of the actual real estate test, providing a realistic and valuable practice experience. These exams are crucial in helping students gauge their understanding of the testing material, and highlights areas of strength and those needing further study.

By simulating the exam environment, they help alleviate anxiety and build confidence, ensuring students are not only knowledgeable but also test-ready.

Video tutorials in the program are crafted to cater to a variety of learning styles, particularly benefiting visual learners. These tutorials provide clear, engaging visual explanations of topics, making complex concepts easier to grasp.

Flashcards are another integral component of our program, offering a quick and effective way to memorize and recall key terms and concepts. These flashcards are designed for efficient, on-the-go learning, making it easy for students to review and reinforce their knowledge anytime, anywhere.

Final Thoughts on Online Learning

Want to make studying for the real estate exam? Join our real estate crash course and exam prep program.

When you join, you get 8+ hours of video content designed to teach you the concepts, vocabulary, historical events, and laws you’ll see on the national real estate exam.

Our exam prep package comes with unlimited practice exams, vocabulary flashcards, an eBook study guide, thousands of question and answer videos, and video explainers.

Get both program together or individually. You can access the real estate crash course videos and prep package using the US Realty Training app.

To join the program, click the button below. Let’s make studying easy!

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Exam Prep

Oklahoma Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

Tips

10 min.

⚡ Quick Facts: Oklahoma Real Estate Exam

Category	Requirement / Detail
Education	90 hours of approved pre-license coursework.
Application Fee	$35 (Paid to OREC via the license portal).
Exam Fee	$75 (Covers both National and State portions).
Passing Score	70% scaled score on both portions.
Exam Questions	135 total (80 National, 40 State, 15 unscored pre-test).
Total Time	240 Minutes (150 National, 90 State).
Background Check	$60 fee via IdentoGO (required for all applicants).
Retake Policy	Unlimited attempts within 1 year ($75 re-exam fee).

If you’re looking to begin a career as a real estate sales associate in Oklahoma, you must learn about the state requirements needed to qualify for a license.

In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about the Oklahoma real estate exam and provide effective tips on how to study for the exam. Here’s a list of what you can expect to gain as you read on:

How to schedule the Oklahoma real estate licensing exam
The requirements to register for the exam
The cost of the exam
Where you can take the exam
What is covered on the exam
The difficulty level of the exam

How to Schedule the Oklahoma Real Estate Licensing Exam

To schedule the Oklahoma real estate exam, all aspiring candidates must first meet the following requirements:

You must be at least 18 years old.
You must complete 90 hours of online or “in-classroom” Real Estate Salesperson pre-licensing education at an approved real estate school in Oklahoma, with proof.
You must have proof of U.S. citizenship.
You must carry out a fingerprint background check.

After completing your pre-licensing education, you should submit a license application to the Oklahoma Real Estate Commission (OREC). Your application should include a background check processed through IdentoGO and the correct documentation as proof of citizenship. The commission will review your application within 5 business days.

If your application is approved, you’ll be sent an email containing your Candidate ID information and information on how to contact Pearson VUE to schedule your examination. Within 48 hours of this approval, you’ll receive a second email from Pearson VUE containing a direct link to schedule your exam online.

If you’re a first-time user, upon logging on to Pearson VUE's website, you must create an account by providing your candidate ID number, name, email, and password. After creating an account, you should be able to view available examination dates, times, and locations. If you have any questions or require assistance during this process, call Pearson VUE at 877-659-3843.

Exam Cost

The Oklahoma real estate exam fee costs $75.00. Aside from this, you can expect to spend another $195 during the entire license application process. Here is a breakdown of the overall cost:

$35 license application fee directly payable to the OREC
$60 background check fee directly payable to IdentoGO
$100 license issuance fee for a provisional sales associate license

Where Do You Take the Oklahoma Real Estate License Exam?

Candidates for the Oklahoma real estate licensing exam are to take their exams at any of the designated Pearson VUE testing centers around the state. These locations are as follows:

Lawton
Norman
Oklahoma City
Stillwater
Tulsa
McAlester
Woodward
Ponca City (at Pioneer Technology Center)

You can check the complete location list here.

Can You Take the Exam Online?

In Oklahoma, you can take the real estate exam online while monitored by a proctor. You must select the Remote Proctored instead of the Site Proctored option while scheduling your exam on the Pearson VUE website. Your computer must also meet a compatibility check at least 24 hours before the examination.

What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam

On the day of your Oklahoma real estate test, you are expected to bring one form of identification, which includes:

State-issued driver’s license
State-issued identification card
US Government Issued Passport
US Government Issued Military Identification Card
US Government Issued Alien Registration Card
Canadian Government Issued ID

Take a Free OK Real Estate Exam

Here is a short 10-question Oklahoma exam to test your real estate knowledge. This exam mimics our practice exams featured in our exam prep package. If you want the full package, tap the button below.

What is on the Oklahoma Real Estate Exam?

The Oklahoma licensing exam is made up of two sections, namely:

The national portion, comprising questions based on national real estate principles and practices
The Oklahoma state-specific portion, comprising questions based on Oklahoma laws, rules, and regulation

National Portion

Here are some topics you will come across in the national portion of the exam. The percentage of questions you can expect from each topic is written in front of it:

National Topic Category	Weight
Real Property Characteristics, Legal Descriptions & Use	14%
Property Value & Appraisal	14%
Real Estate Contracts & Agency	20%
Practice of Real Estate	13%
Forms of Ownership, Transfer & Recording of Title	11%
Property Disclosures & Environmental Issues	11%
Financing & Settlement	9%
Real Estate Math Calculations	9%
Total Scored Questions	80

Oklahoma State Specific Portion

Here are some topics you will come across in the state portion. The number of questions you can expect per topic is written in front of each topic:

Oklahoma Topic Category	Questions
Laws and Rules Affecting Oklahoma Real Estate Practice	20
Oklahoma Broker Relationships Act	8
Property Management	6
Disclosures and Hazards	6
Total State Questions	40

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Will There Be Math on the Exam?

Yes, math is a small but critical component of the Oklahoma real estate exam. You will encounter approximately 7 to 10 math questions, which are located exclusively within the National portion of the test.

The exam focuses on "real-world" calculations that agents use daily. To pass, you should be comfortable with these core concepts:

Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratios: Calculating the relationship between the loan amount and the property's appraised value.
Property Tax Calculations: Understanding assessed values and the mill rate (tax per $1,000 of value).
Commission Splits: Calculating how much the listing broker, selling broker, and agent each receive from a transaction.
Seller’s Proceeds of Sale: Determining the net amount a seller takes home after all closing costs and commissions.
Basic Conversions: Knowing that 1 acre = 43,560 square feet is a common requirement for land area questions.

Exam Day Tip: You cannot bring your own calculator. Pearson VUE will provide a basic, non-programmable calculator for you to use. Since math questions can be time-consuming, many students prefer to skip them on their first pass and return to them at the end of the session to ensure they have enough time for the vocabulary and law-based questions.

Is the Oklahoma Real Estate Exam Hard?

Yes, the Oklahoma real estate exam is hard. In fact, it has a reputation to be one of the hardest real estate licensing exams in the United States. Regardless of how difficult this exam can be, it is not impossible to pass on the first try. To significantly improve your chances of passing, you must make every effort to study for the exam before and after the pre-licensing education.

How Many Questions Are on the Oklahoma Real Estate Exam?

The Oklahoma real estate sales associate exam now presents 135 multiple-choice items in total.

Of these, 120 are scored—80 questions in the national portion and 40 questions in the state-specific portion. The remaining 15 items (5 national, 10 state) are unscored “pre-test” questions that help the exam provider pilot new content; you won’t know which ones they are, so answer every question as if it counts.

Candidates receive 2.5 hours (150 minutes) for the national section and 1.5 hours (90 minutes) for the state section, for a combined 4-hour testing window.

To pass, you must earn a scaled score of at least 70 on each portion—that’s at least 56 correct answers on the national section and 28 on the state section. Your official score appears on-screen immediately after you submit, and a copy is emailed to you.

If you fall short, your score report includes a diagnostic breakdown of topic areas. You may also schedule a one-hour in-center review of your most recent failed exam within 30 days (not available through OnVUE remote testing) to see which questions you missed and sharpen your study plan before a retake.

What is the Passing Rate for the Real Estate Exam in Oklahoma?

The Oklahoma Real Estate Commission does not publish official pass-rate statistics, so any number you find online is an approximation, not a hard benchmark. A 2025 nationwide comparison put Oklahoma’s first-time pass rate at about 55 %—meaning just over half of new candidates clear the exam on their initial try.

Treat that figure as a rough yard-stick rather than gospel. Annual pass rates fluctuate with changes in question pools, exam difficulty, and, most of all, the quality of each candidate’s preparation. Build a disciplined study plan, use practice exams to target weak spots, and aim to score well above the 70 % cut-off before you sit for the real thing. Solid prep—not luck—remains the single best way to land on the right side of the statistics.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

You may retake the Oklahoma real estate exam as many times as needed within one year of your application. After a failed attempt, you can schedule a retest the same day and sit for the exam again as soon as the next day. Each attempt costs $60. Note that OnVUE attempts capped at 3.

How to Pass the Oklahoma Real Estate Exam

If you have your Oklahoma real estate exam coming up soon, here are four effective study tools that you can adopt in your preparation to increase your chances of passing:

Create a Study Schedule

Creating a study schedule helps you balance your study sessions with your other daily engagements when preparing for an exam. A well-drafted study schedule will help you manage your time by ensuring that every minute of your time is accounted for.

When drafting your study schedule, you should consider important factors such as:

Your current commitments.
Your learning style.
How much ground you have to cover for the exam.
How much time you have to prepare for the exam.

To create a healthy study schedule for your Oklahoma real estate exam, keep the following in mind:

Set your study time to periods of the day when you are less busy or distracted, such as early in the morning and late at night. We recommend studying for a little bit every night or at least every other night
Create a scale of preference to rank the real estate topics you need to cover in order of difficulty and priority
Input frequent breaks into your study schedule to prevent fatigue

Use Acronyms and Mnemonic Devices

Acronyms and mnemonic devices are memory aids that break down complex information into smaller and simpler chunks that are easier for the brain to process and remember. Acronyms are formed by taking the first letters of each word in a phrase and forming a word with it. This makes the phrase shorter and easier to remember. For example, a good acronym in real estate is CCIM, which stands for Certified Commercial Investment Member.

Similarly, mnemonic devices are formed by associating a piece of information with something that can be easily related. A good mnemonic device detailing a property's four essential characteristics to have value would be “Don’t Utter Silly Things.”

Don’t for Demand
Utter for Utility
Silly for Scarcity
Things for Transferability

Join a Study Group

Joining a study group is another smart move as you prepare for your Oklahoma real estate exam. Doing this can significantly increase your chances of success and improve your learning process and experience. The following are some advantages of joining a study group:

It provides you with people to be accountable to about your studying, helping you to be more intentional
It can boost your motivation, born out of healthy competition
Promotes deeper understanding and retention of material, thanks to active discussions and sharing of resources and ideas between you and other group members

Get Guided Help

The best way to study for the Oklahoma real estate exam is with our study prep package. This package comes with a bundle of tools that you can access online that will make studying for the exam easy.

You get access to:

1,500 Oklahoma real estate exam practice questions
Customizable practice state exams
Vocabulary flashcards
Video explanations
E-book study guide

You can add real estate crash course videos. It's 8+ hours of video content that teaches you the concepts, vocabulary, historical events, and more. Led by our head instructor, Robert Rico, our crash course videos teaches you everything you need to know to pass on your first try.

Final Thoughts on the Real Estate Exam in Oklahoma

The Oklahoma real estate exam is an important step in the process of becoming a licensed real estate professional in the state. Passing this exam requires careful preparation and a solid understanding of real estate concepts and practices. To increase your chances of succeeding on this exam, follow the tips above and enroll in a reputable real estate school.

Exam Prep

Ohio Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

How To

Planning

10 min.

⚡ Quick Facts: Ohio Real Estate Exam

Category	Requirement / Detail
Education	120 hours of ODRE-approved coursework.
Application Fee	$81 (Paid to the Ohio Division of Real Estate).
Exam Fee	$66 for both portions (Paid to PSI Exams).
Passing Score	70% minimum on both National and State sections.
Questions	120 total (80 National, 40 State Specific).
Time Limit	180 Minutes (120 National, 60 State).
Fingerprinting	Required through a Webcheck® user (BCI & FBI checks).
Testing Method	In-person or Remote Online Proctored options available.

As a prospective realtor, the real estate exam is one of the most critical pieces of the puzzle to kick off your career. Your performance on this exam determines whether or not you get your real estate license and become a practicing agent.

Seeing how important this is, we have written this article to provide you with everything you need to know to prepare for and pass the Ohio real estate exam. Here’s a list of what you’ll be learning in this article:

How to schedule the Ohio real estate licensing exam online
The documents you’ll need to register for the exam
The cost of the exam
Where you can take the exam
What to bring with you on the day of
The content of the exam
The difficulty level of the exam
Practical tips on how to pass your first try

How to Take the Ohio Real Estate Licensing Exam

To apply for the Ohio real estate licensing exam, you first need to ensure that you tick the following requirement boxes:

You must be a United States citizen
You must be 18 years old or older
You must have a high school diploma or an equivalent degree

If you have all the requirements above, here are the next steps to take when scheduling your real estate exam:

Step 1: Get Your Real Estate Pre-licensing Education

Before taking the exam, you are required to complete 100 hours of real estate pre-licensing coursework consisting of the following 4 classes:

40 hours of Real Estate Principles and Practices
40 hours of Ohio Real Estate Law, including instruction in civil rights, housing discrimination, and desegregation problems
10 hours of Real Estate Appraisal
10 hours of Real Estate Finance

You can take the pre-licensing coursework online at a pace that you are comfortable with. All you have to do is ensure that you select an education provider and package that best suits your learning needs.

Step 2: Submit a Salesperson License Examination Application

Another requirement to qualify for the OH real estate examination is to complete the Salesperson License Examination Application. This application costs $81.

After completing the application, you are required to mail it, alongside a proof of completion of the education requirements and a non-refundable check or money order of $81 made payable to the Ohio Division of Real Estate, to the following address:

Ohio Department of Commerce
Division of Real Estate and Professional Licensing
77 South High Street, 20th floor
Columbus, OH 43215

Upon processing your application, the Division of Real Estate and Professional Licensing will send your information to the testing vendor, who will process it and send you a Candidate Information Bulletin containing details on scheduling your exam.

Step 3: Fingerprinting and Background Check

Before you can become a licensed agent in Ohio, you are required by the Ohio Real Estate Commission to have a background check and fingerprinting. To do this, you can contact a Webcheck user and have your fingerprint scanned and submitted to the Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation (BCI&I). You should take a government-issued I.D. to the Webcheck center and ensure that both your state and FBI fingerprints are submitted to the BCI&I.

This process must be started and completed within 10 days after filing your application with the Division of Real Estate. Do not start this process before submitting your application. After submitting your fingerprints, the division will begin the background check to ensure you are eligible for a license. During this process, you may be asked to provide some additional information to shed light on any findings. Note: you may not be eligible to take the real estate exam in Ohio if you have a criminal record.

Step 4: Schedule Your Ohio Real Estate Exam

If you are granted eligibility after performing all the steps above, congratulations are in order, as you can take the Ohio real estate test.

How Much Does Ohio Real Estate Exam Cost?

Each attempt to take this exam will cost you $66 when you schedule both portions together; $46 if you retake the national portion or $43 for the state portion.

Note that this fee is separate from the salesperson license examination application and fingerprinting cost.

Where Do You Take the Ohio Real Estate License Exam?

You can take the Ohio real estate exam at an approved testing center. These centers are located in the following cities:

Cambridge
Cincinnati
Cleveland (Middleburg Hts)
Columbus North
Columbus South
Toledo
Troy
Akron

Can You Take the Exam Online?

The Division of Real Estate and Professional Licensing (REPL) partnered with PSI to create a Remote Online Proctored Exam, which offers a secure means through which candidates could take their exams remotely. The traditional on-site testing centers are still available for candidates who prefer to take their exams in person rather than online.

What Is PSI?

PSI Exams Online is an education provider that provides a secure, easy-to-use, and paperless means of writing state licensing and certification exams. PSI services several professional industries, including real estate, construction, and insurance.

If you’d like to complete your exam remotely, here are some things to note:

The exam must be taken in a private location free of distractions
You are only allowed minimal movement while taking the exam and must be the only person in the room
Test your network and equipment through the tool provided on the PSI website to ensure that they meet the remote testing requirements.

To schedule your exam, visit the PSI website and create an account. If you experience difficulties scheduling your exams online, call this PSI hotline for Ohio candidates: (855) 834-8749.

What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam?

On the day of your exam, you should bring:

Two means of identification with matching names, a valid signature, non-expired issuance, and at least one bearing your photo. Examples of this include your driver’s license, U.S. social security card, green card, or a debit/credit card with a signature
A silent non-scientific calculator
Pencil with eraser

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Take a Free OH Real Estate Exam

Here is a short 10-question Ohio exam to test your real estate knowledge. This exam mimics our practice exams featured in our exam prep package. If you want the full package, tap the button below.

What Is on the Ohio Real Estate Exam?

The Ohio real estate salesperson licensing exam has two parts to it. One will consist of 80 national based questions and the other will consist of 40 state specific questions. In total, there are 120 multiple-choice questions with a total allocated time of 180 minutes (3 hours) to complete.

This exam covers national and state specific content. You should expect to see more national questions than state specific questions on the Ohio exam.

National Content Section

The national portion of the exam consists of 80 questions, which you will be given 120 minutes (2 hours) to complete. You can expect to be tested on the following topics in this section:

National Topic Category	Questions
Real Property Characteristics, Legal Descriptions & Property Use	11
Forms of Ownership, Transfer & Recording of Title	9
Property Value & Appraisal	11
Real Estate Contracts & Agency	16
Real Estate Practice	10
Property Disclosures & Environmental Issues	9
Financing & Settlement	7
Real Estate Math Calculations	7
Total National Questions	80

State-specific Content Section

The state-specific portion of the exam consists of 40 questions, which you will be given 60 minutes (1 hour) to complete. You can expect to be tested on the following topics in this section:

Ohio State Topic Category	Questions
State Governance of the Real Estate Profession	4
Licensing Requirements	6
License Law and Rules of the Ohio Real Estate Commission	16
Brokerage Relationships (Agency)	14
Total State Questions	40

Resource: Ohio real estate candidate information bulletin

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Will There Be Math on the Exam?

You can expect to see some math questions on your real estate exam. However, it is hard to say how many math questions you will be given because the questions change frequently.

If you find a math question on your exam, the best thing to do is skip it and go ahead to complete the other questions, after which you can return to the math questions if you still have the time. This is because most math questions require heavy calculations that will likely take up your time.

Is the Ohio Real Estate Exam Hard?

The Ohio real estate exam is considered challenging but possible to pass. You need a score of 70% to pass. To make it easier to pass the exam on the first attempt, you should purchase our Ohio real estate exam prep package to get unlimited practice exams, vocab flashcards, an ebook study guide, and video explanations.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

Once you finish the exam, your score will be presented on the computer screen, telling you whether you failed or passed. If you fail, you can retake the Ohio real estate exam as many times as possible within a 12-month period that begins on the date written on your testing bulletin. The good news is that you only need to retake the portion of the examination you failed until you pass both sections.

If you do not pass both sections within 12 months, you must resubmit an exam application to the Division.

How to Pass the Ohio Real Estate Exam

If you plan on taking the Ohio real estate exam anytime soon, here are some tips and tricks to help you pass:

Create a Study Schedule

The intensity of your study can significantly impact your results on the real estate exam, and one way to study efficiently is to create a study schedule. The best study schedule helps you stay organized, manage your time effectively, and maximize your chances of success. To create a healthy study schedule, do the following:

Determine your time before the exam so you know how to pace your preparation.
Set realistic and achievable goals by breaking your pre-licensing course work into manageable portions so you don’t get overwhelmed.
Create a study schedule that outlines your study hours and topics. A good rule of thumb is to study for a little bit every night or every other night, with enough breaks to maintain consistency and avoid burnout.
Make time in your schedule for periodic reviews of the material you've already covered, as this helps you retain information.
Reward yourself when you hit milestones in your study schedule to keep yourself motivated.

Use Acronyms and Mnemonic Devices

When studying for your real estate licensing exam, acronyms and mnemonic tools can be very beneficial. Acronyms are abbreviations that shorten and make words easier to remember by using the first letter of each word in a phrase. On the other hand, mnemonic devices help you remember information by associating it with a visual or memorable representation or image. These tools can help you remember complex information, such as real estate terms.

Join a Study Group

Study groups are a great way to hold yourself accountable for studying and to learn from others. Here are some pointers for maximizing your study group experience:

Reach out to coworkers or friends to find a group of like-minded people who are also preparing for the same exam
Set clear goals for what you want to achieve and share these goals with your group
Create a regular meeting schedule for your study group and hold yourself accountable to your team
Utilize the study group as a place to discuss, ask questions, share insights, and challenge each other's thinking to improve your understanding.

Get Guided Help

Getting supervised assistance from a real estate school is one of the easiest ways to prepare for your real estate licensing exam. Our exam prep is designed to provide a fun and simple learning method. It offers the following:

1,500+ Ohio real estate exam practice questions
Customizable practice state exams
Vocabulary flashcards
Video explanations
E-book study guide
And more!

Final Thoughts on the Real Estate Exam in Ohio

While the Ohio real estate exam challenges many people, passing is possible. Getting guided help and studying comprehensively gives you a great chance of passing on your first try.

Exam Prep

What is the Ohio Division of Real Estate & Professional Licensing?

Real Estate Career

3 min

The Ohio Division of Real Estate & Professional Licensing is a key entity within the Ohio Department of Commerce, playing a critical role in regulating and overseeing real estate professionals and their activities across the state. This blog provides a detailed look at the functions and influence of the Ohio Division of Real Estate, underscoring its importance for real estate brokers, salespersons, appraisers, and exam takers.

What is the Ohio Division of Real Estate?

The Ohio Division of Real Estate & Professional Licensing was established to regulate real estate professionals as a response to the growing need for oversight as the real estate industry expanded significantly during the early 20th century. Initially focused primarily on licensing brokers to maintain professional standards and prevent fraud, the division has since expanded its scope to include salespersons, appraisers, and foreign real estate dealers.

Today, the division is tasked with the licensing, education, and regulation of real estate professionals across Ohio. Its core mission is to ensure that only qualified individuals are allowed to participate in real estate transactions, thereby maintaining high industry standards and protecting consumer interests.

Key Functions of the Division

Licensing: The Division issues licenses to qualified real estate brokers, salespersons, and appraisers, ensuring that these professionals meet the necessary standards to practice in Ohio.
Education: It sets and enforces educational requirements, including pre-licensing and continuing education, ensuring that real estate professionals are well-informed about current laws, technology, and industry best practices.
Regulation and Compliance: The Division conducts inspections, handles complaints, and investigates potential violations within the real estate industry, promoting compliance with Ohio’s real estate laws.
Consumer Protection: Through its regulatory efforts, the Division protects consumer interests by ensuring that real estate professionals adhere to legal and ethical standards.

Licensing Requirements

To become a licensed real estate agent in Ohio, individuals must:

Be at least 18 years old.
Complete a pre-licensing educational course from an approved provider.
Pass the Ohio Real Estate Salesperson exam.
Undergo a criminal background check.

Brokers have additional requirements to obtain their Broker’s License, including more extensive experience and education, and passing the broker’s exam.

Impact on Ohio Real Estate Exam Takers

For those aspiring to join the real estate industry in Ohio, the Division's standards significantly influence their exam preparation. The Division defines the educational content and sets the examination criteria, ensuring that exam takers are thoroughly evaluated on their knowledge of real estate principles and Ohio real estate law.

To aid in preparation, the Division offers various resources and guidelines that help ensure candidates are well-prepared to meet the industry's high standards and effectively serve their future clients.

Impact on the Real Estate Industry

The Division's efforts in regulating and educating real estate professionals contribute to a robust, fair, and efficient real estate market in Ohio. By fostering high standards of practice, the Division enhances professional integrity and consumer confidence in the real estate sector.

Final Thoughts on ODREPL

The Ohio Division of Real Estate & Professional Licensing is an indispensable resource for anyone involved in real estate in Ohio—whether they are a seasoned professional, a new entrant, or a consumer looking to navigate the real estate market.

By promoting high standards of education and professional conduct, the Division ensures that the real estate market in Ohio is both professional and trustworthy.

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Real Estate Career

North Dakota Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

How To

Motivation

10 min.

The North Dakota real estate exam requires a lot of preparation. That’s why, in this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about the North Dakota real estate exam. Here’s a list of what you can expect to gain as you read on:

How to schedule the North Dakota Real Estate Licensing exam
The requirements to register for the exam
The cost of the exam
Where you can take the exam
What is covered on the exam
The difficulty level of the exam
Best tips to pass the exam

North Dakota Real Estate Exam: Quick Facts

Category	Details
Pre-Licensing Education	90 Hours (Commission-approved)
Examination Fee	$134 (Per attempt)
Application Fee	$150 + $8.00 Credit Report Fee
Background Check	$41.25 (Payable to ND Attorney General)
Passing Score	National: 70% \| State: 75%
Test Locations	Bismarck, Fargo, Minot, Williston
License Recovery Fund	$20 (One-time fee at issuance)

*Data verified against 2026 NDREC and PSI guidelines.

Take a Free ND Real Estate Exam

Here is a short 10-question North Dakota exam to test your real estate knowledge. This exam mimics our practice exams featured in our exam prep package. If you want the full package, tap the button below.

How to Schedule the North Dakota Real Estate Licensing Exam

To schedule the real estate exam in North Dakota, all aspiring candidates must meet the following requirements:

Be at least 18 years of age
Have successfully completed at least ninety hours of pre-licensing real estate education, with proof
Submit an online application form with the correct documents and fees to the North Dakota Real Estate Commission (NDREC)
Complete your fingerprinting and submit fingerprints to NDREC, with a fee for analysis.

The NDREC will review your application and notify you of approval or denial. If approved, you can go ahead to schedule your exam through the following means:

Visit the PSI website and follow the step-by-step instructions to choose your examination program and register for it.
Call PSI at 855-834-8747 to schedule an examination appointment. The number is toll-free and available at the following hours:
Complete all sections on the registration form found in the Candidate Information Handbook.

ND Real Estate Exam Costs:

When scheduling the exam, these are the fees you will be required to pay:

Application fee: $150
Credit history fee: $8-$10
Fingerprinting fee: $41.25
Examination fee: $134

Where Do You Take the North Dakota Real Estate License Exam?

Candidates for the North Dakota real estate licensing exam are to take their exams at any of the designated PSI test centers located in the state. These locations include:

Bismarck
Minot
Fargo
Williston

The exam can also be taken in PSI test centers in regions across the United States. Simply enter your zip code during registration, and the closest site to you will appear.

Can You Take the Exam Online?

No, you cannot take the North Dakota real estate licensing exam online. Candidates for this exam will be required to go to PSI testing centers located in North Dakota or other regions around the US. The addresses of these locations have been provided above.

What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam

On the day of your North Dakota real estate exam, you are expected to bring the following.

Two forms of identification. The primary ID must be government-issued, current, and contain your name, signature and photograph. Examples of accepted primary ID include:

Driver’s license with photograph
State identification card with photograph
Passport
Military Identification card with photograph

The secondary form of identification must contain your name and signature. Examples include:

Credit card with signature
Social security card with signature
Employment/student ID card with signature
Silent non-programmable calculator

You are advised to show up for your appointment at least 30 minutes early on the day of the exam. This additional time is for identification and sign-in, as well as to familiarize yourself with the examination procedure. If you show up later than 15 minutes after your scheduled time, you will not be allowed to take the exam.

What is on the North Dakota Real Estate Exam?

The North Dakota real estate salesperson licensing examination is made up of two sections:

The national portion, comprising questions based on national real estate principles and practice
The state portion, comprising questions based on North Dakota real estate laws, rules and regulations

National Portion

Here are the topics you will come across in the national portion of the salesperson license test, with the number of questions you can expect per topic:

Content Category	Number of Questions
Agency Relationships and Contracts	28
Real Property Ownership/Interest	13
Finance	14
Real Property (Land Use, Valuations)	14
Marketing Regulations (Fair Housing/Ads)	10
Property Management	8
Real Estate Calculations (Math)	13
Total National Questions	100

State Portion

Here are the topics you will come across in the state portion:

ND State Law Category	Question Focus
Duties and Powers of the Commission	NDREC authority, investigations, and penalties.
Licensing Requirements	Renewal, education, and license statuses.
Statutory Requirements (Activities)	Trust accounts, disclosures, and advertising.
Subdivided/Out-of-State Land Sales	Registration and disclosure requirements.
Education, Research & Recovery Fund	Funding and payouts for aggrieved parties.
Total State Questions	40

Pro-Tip: The "Agency Relationships and Contracts" section is the heaviest hitter in the National portion (28%). If you master that and the state-specific "Statutory Requirements," you'll have covered the most critical ground for passing on your first attempt.

Will There Be Math on the Exam?

Yes, there will be 13 math on the North Dakota real estate licensing exam. These math questions will be found in the general portion and will be related to:

Basic math concepts
Calculations for transactions
Calculations for valuation

Keep in mind that solving these math problems could be difficult and time-consuming. It is, therefore, best to save these questions for later while you continue to answer the other questions unless the answers are easy. This allows you to answer more questions and make the most of your allocated time.

Is the North Dakota Real Estate Exam Hard?

As can be expected of any professional certification exam, the North Dakota real estate exam is hard and will only get harder for candidates who are not well prepared. This is why it is important to study hard and get all the help that you can before taking the exam.

How Many Questions Are on the North Dakota Real Estate Exam?

Exam Portion	Questions	Time Allotted	Passing Score
National Portion	100	2.5 Hours	70% (70 correct)
State Portion	40	1.5 Hours	75% (30 correct)
Combined (Same Day)	140	4 Hours	—

*Note: Questions are intermixed if both portions are taken on the same day.

Intermixed Format: If you take both portions on the same day, the questions will be mixed together rather than appearing in two separate sections.

Experimental Questions: Expect 5–10 unscored "pretest" questions. These do not affect your score or your time limit—they are only used by the state to test future exam material.

Scoring:

If you pass: You will be notified immediately, but you will not receive your actual numerical score.

If you fail: You will receive a diagnostic report showing your score and instructions on how to reapply for a retake.

What is the Passing Rate for the Real Estate Exam in North Dakota?

The passing rate of the real estate exam in North Dakota is above 60% for first-time takers. Note that this passing rate may be affected over time due to changes in the content of the exam and its difficulty level.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

You can take the North Dakota real estate exam as many times as you need to pass it. If you pass one or two of the portions, you are allowed to retake only the failed portion(s) within 12 months of the first attempt. If the failed portion is not passed within 12 months of the first attempt, you will be required to submit a new application and fees to the NDREC.

Note that you’ll be required to pay an exam fee of $134 at every attempt to take any portion of the exam.

How to Pass the North Dakota Real Estate Exam

To pass the North Dakota real estate exam on the first try, candidates must study hard for the exam, drilling themselves on all the topics in both sections of the exam from which questions will be set. This section will review a few tried and true ways to study.

Create a Study Schedule

When preparing for an exam like the North Dakota real estate exam, creating a study schedule may be just what you need to balance your study sessions with your other daily commitments. A well-planned study schedule will improve your daily time management by ensuring that every minute of your time is accounted for.

Do not forget to input frequent breaks into your study schedule to prevent burnout. It's also best to set your study time to periods of the day when you are less busy or distracted, such as early in the morning and late at night. We recommend studying for a little bit every night or at least every other night.

Use Acronyms and Mnemonic Devices

Acronyms and mnemonic devices are memory aids that break down complex information into smaller and simpler chunks that are easier for the brain to process and remember. Acronyms are formed by taking the first letters of each word in a phrase and forming a word with it. A good example of a real estate acronym is CCIM, which stands for Certified Commercial Investment Member.

Similarly, mnemonic devices are formed by associating a piece of information with something that can be easily related to it. A suitable mnemonic device detailing the four essential characteristics a property must possess to have value would be “Don’t Utter Silly Things.”

Don’t for Demand
Utter for Utility
Silly for Scarcity
Things for Transferability

Join a Study Group

Joining a study group can significantly increase your chances of success in the exam by improving your learning process. It provides you with like-minded people to be accountable to, helping you to be more intentional. Studying in a group can also boost your motivation to study and pass, born out of healthy competition.

Get Guided Help

You might have already realized that there’s a lot you need to review to pass the North Dakota real estate exam. But, don’t worry. There is a quick and easy way to study and pass on your first try.

We offer an online real estate exam prep package that comes with practice exams, vocab flash cards, and an e-Book study guide (including math formulas on the exam!) It also comes with:

1,500 North Dakota real estate exam practice questions
Customizable practice state exams
Vocabulary flashcards
Video explanations
E-book study guide

You can add real estate crash course videos. It's 8+ hours of video content that teaches you the concepts, vocabulary, historical events, and more. Led by our head instructor, Robert Rico, our crash course videos teaches you everything you need to know to pass on your first try.

Final Thoughts on the Real Estate Exam in North Dakota

The North Dakota real estate exam is compulsory for all individuals who want to be licensed real estate salespersons in the state. Passing this exam requires careful preparation and a solid understanding of real estate concepts and practices.

Exam Prep

North Carolina Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

How To

Planning

10 min.

If you are preparing to take the North Carolina real estate salesperson licensing exam, there are certain things you need to be well informed about as part of your preparation process. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about this exam and then some. Here’s a list of what you can expect to learn as you read on:

How to schedule the North Carolina real estate licensing exam
What is on the North Carolina real estate exam
The difficulty level of the North Carolina real estate exam
And most importantly, tips on how to pass the North Carolina Real Estate Exam

North Carolina Real Estate Exam At-a-Glance
Exam Provider	Pearson VUE
Total Question Count	140 Questions (80 National / 60 State)
Passing Score	75% on each section individually
Time Limit	4.5 Hours Total (2.5 National / 2 State)
License Type	Provisional Broker
Pre-Licensing Req.	75-hour NCREC-approved course
Exam Fee	$168 per attempt
Retake Wait Period	10 days after failed attempt

Take a Free NC Real Estate Exam

Here is a short 10-question North Carolina exam to test your real estate knowledge. This exam mimics our practice exams featured in our exam prep package. If you want the full package, tap the button below.

How to Schedule the North Carolina Real Estate Licensing Exam

Before scheduling the real estate exam, the North Carolina Real Estate Commission (NCREC) requires aspiring candidates to meet the following requirements:

Must be 18 years or above
Must be a US citizen or a qualified alien
Must have a social security number
Must have completed 75 clock hours of pre-licensing education at an accredited real estate school in North Carolina, with proof

If you meet the requirements above, the next thing to do is submit a license application to the NCREC. You can do this by visiting the NCREC website and applying for a North Carolina Broker License. You must create a profile first and conduct a background check.

After submitting your application and background check, the NCREC will review your details, and if you are deemed qualified, you will be sent a Notice of Examination Eligibility. After receiving this notice, you can go ahead to schedule your exam. However, note that this eligibility is only good for 180 days, within which period you have to pass the exam. To schedule the exam, visit the Pearson VUE website, create an account, and choose an exam date that suits you.

Scheduling the North Carolina real estate exam will cost $168 per attempt. This includes a $105 North Carolina Real Estate Commission fee and a $63 Pearson VUE exam fee. You’ll also have to pay for the background check, which costs about $20.

Where Do You Take the North Carolina Real Estate License Exam?

Candidates will take the North Carolina real estate licensing exam at any designated Pearson VUE testing centers around the state. These locations are as follows:

Charlotte
Raleigh
Fayetteville
Greenville
Ashville

Can You Take the Exam Online?

No, candidates are not permitted to take the North Carolina real estate exam online. While provisions were made for the exam to be taken remotely in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, remote testing officially stopped in January 2023.

Therefore, candidates must choose any testing centers listed above while applying for the exam and be present to take the exam physically.

What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam?

Candidates are expected to bring the following items along on the day of their North Carolina real estate exams:

Two non-expired forms of identification with matching names and a valid signature. One of these two must be government-issued and bear your photograph. Examples include a U.S. government-issued driver’s license, U.S. government-issued passport, a U.S. learner’s permit, social security card, and a debit or credit card.
Note that an online calculator will be provided at the testing center.

What is on the North Carolina Real Estate Exam?

The North Carolina real estate licensing exam questions are divided into two sections, namely:

The national real estate section, put together by Pearson VUE and covers general real estate principles and practices relevant across the United States
The state real estate section, put together by the NCREC and focuses on North Carolina real estate laws and regulations

The national portion will cover the following exam categories:

Topic Category	Approx. Questions	Weight (%)
Contracts	11–13	15%
Real Estate Practice (Ethics, Fair Housing, etc.)	10–12	13%
General Principles of Agency	9–11	12%
Financing	8–10	11%
Property Ownership	7–9	10%
Valuation and Market Analysis	6–8	8%
Real Estate Calculations (Math)	6–8	8%
Transfer of Title	5–7	7%
Land Use Controls and Regulations	4–6	6%
Property Disclosures	4–6	6%
Leasing and Property Management	3–5	4%

Whereas the state portion of the exam will cover:

NC State Topic Category	Approx. Questions
NC License Law and Commission Rules	10–12
Agency Relationships and Disclosure (inc. WWREA Brochure)	6–8
NC Statutes & Disclosure Acts (Residential & MOG)	5–7
Trust Account Rules and Record-Keeping	4–5
Provisional Broker Structure & Requirements	3–4
Closing Details and Settlement Procedures	3–4
NC-Specific Land Use & Environmental (inc. CAMA)	3–4

Will There Be Math on the Exam?

According to the candidate handbook provided by the NCREC, there are up to 8 math questions in the national portion of the exam. These questions will typically be related to real estate concepts such as:

Credits and debits
Property taxes
Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratios
Property valuation measurements
Market sales price
Return On Investments (ROI)

Candidates must remember that some of these math questions may be difficult and require time to solve. Therefore, it is good practice to leave the tricky questions for the end so it doesn’t affect the time you have to answer other questions.

Is the North Carolina Real Estate Exam Hard?

As expected of any professional licensing exam, the North Carolina real estate exam is quite tough. It is regarded as one of the nation's toughest entry-level licensing tests, and many candidates have reported the state portion to be very challenging and tricky.

However, this is not to say that it is impossible to pass, and we strongly believe that a candidate’s level of preparation and knowledge of the fundamental concepts of real estate will determine just how well the candidate performs. This implies that if you want to pass the exam easily, you must put extra effort into your preparation.

How Many Questions Are on the North Carolina Real Estate Exam?

The North Carolina real-estate exam still has 140 multiple-choice questions, 80 in the national portion and 60 in the state portion.

Candidates are given 4 hours and 30 minutes to complete the exam and must now earn 75 percent on each portion individually—that is, 60 correct answers on the national section and 30 correct answers on the state section—to pass.

Note: About 10–15 pre-test questions are embedded in the exam (typically 5–10 in the national section and 5 in the state section). These questions are merely used to evaluate the quality of the exam and make improvements and will not affect your overall score.

What is the Passing Rate for the Real Estate Exam in North Carolina?

The North Carolina Real Estate Commission’s most recent public reporting (July 2023 – June 2024) and industry summaries show statewide first-time pass rates clustering in the mid-40 percent range, with widely quoted 2024 figures of ≈ 39 %. That means fewer than half of first-time candidates clear both sections on their first attempt, underscoring the importance of thorough preparation.

It is important to note that this passing rate varies each year and may be influenced by factors such as exam difficulty and the candidate’s preparation level. Therefore, you should thoroughly prepare and practice the tips we’ll share soon to improve your chances.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

Candidates who fail the North Carolina real estate exam can retake it unlimited times if it falls within 180 days of receiving their Notice of Exam Eligibility. Even better, candidates who only fail one section are allowed to retake the section they failed.

Note that you’ll be required to pay an exam fee of $158 if you retake one section, or $168 for both sections.

How to Pass the North Carolina Real Estate Exam

Passing the exam might sound hard but it can be done! In fact, there are tested actions you can implement right now to make passing easy. In this section, we’ll cover how you can get the most out of your studies.

Create a Study Schedule

Creating a study schedule is one of the first things you should do when preparing for your North Carolina real estate licensing exam. This schedule should mark out the hours you’ll study each day while considering your daily activities and learning style.

If you’d like to create a study schedule, here are some things to put in mind:

Make sure your study schedule is one that you can be consistent with. The only way to achieve this is by setting your study hours to periods of the day when you’re free and assimilate best. We recommend studying for a little bit every night or at least every other night.
Dedicate more hours to the topics that are most important and/or difficult to understand. This enables you to spread your time effectively across all topics without leaving anyone out.
Breaks are important when studying as they help prevent fatigue and help keep you focused. Therefore, take short breaks every hour while studying.
Try to get between 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night. This gives your brain the rest it needs and helps you remain at the top of your game daily.

Use Acronyms and Mnemonic Devices

Acronyms and mnemonic devices are memory aids that simplify complicated information and make it easy for the human brain to process. This makes them effective tools to assist you in studying for your North Carolina real estate exam.

Acronyms work by forming a word with the first letters of each word in a phrase, thereby making the phrase easier to remember. This is great for when you need to remember some complex real estate terminologies or phrases. An example of this is OLD CAR, which represents the fiduciary duties of a real estate agent, namely:

O: Obedience
L: Loyalty
D: Disclosure
C: Confidentiality
A: Accountability
R: Reasonable Care and Diligence

A mnemonic device is associating certain information with something easily related. For example, if you were to memorize the various types of residential properties for a certain kind of financing, a good mnemonic device would be “Sing To Children Daily.”

SING for Single-family homes
TO for Townhomes
CHILDREN for Condos
DAILY for Duplexes

Join a Study Group

Joining a study group is an effective strategy when practicing for your real estate exam. Not only does it help you gain knowledge from more people on some real estate concepts, but it also increases your motivation and sense of accountability.

Get Guided Help

One of the fastest and easiest ways to study for the exam while ensuring you’re taking the best measures to prepare for the exam is by signing up for our North Carolina real estate exam prep package.

When you buy this package, you will get an outline of what exactly you need to study as well as resources to help you put into practice what you learn. This includes:

Access to over 1,500 North Carolina real estate exam practice questions
Customizable practice state exams
Vocabulary flashcards
Video explanations
An E-book study guide.

Final Thoughts on the Real Estate Exam in North Carolina

As an aspiring real estate agent in North Carolina, you must pass the state’s real estate exam to get your license and practice legally. We have provided you with everything you need to know about this exam to help you prepare and practical tips to ensure you pass on your first try.

Exam Prep

New York Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

How To

Planning

10 min.

At a Glance: 2026 New York Real Estate Exam

⚡ Quick Facts: NY Real Estate Exam 2026

Exam Format 75 Multiple-Choice Questions

Time Limit 90 Minutes

Passing Score 70% (Min. 53 Correct)

Exam Fee $15 (via eAccessNY)

Current Pass Rate ~51% First-Time Pass Rate

Total Entry Cost ~$182 (Exam + License + Prints)

Required ID Gov-issued Photo ID (Mobile ID accepted at select sites)

Location In-Person at [Official NY Test Centers]

The New York real estate exam is the barrier that students need to overcome to get their real estate license. If you want to take this exam and certify yourself as an agent, you will need to schedule your exam and pass it!

This guide provides every piece of information that you need to know about the New York real estate exam, including practical tips on how to pass it on your first try. We’ll cover:

How to schedule the New York real estate licensing exam
How much the real estate exam costs
The required documentation
Where you can take the exam
What is covered on the exam
The difficulty level of the exam
Best tips on how to study

Preparing for test day? Our New York real estate exam prep includes unlimited practice exams, vocabulary flashcards, video explanations, and a New York-specific study guide — everything you need to pass on your first try.

How to Schedule the New York Real Estate Licensing Exam

The New York real estate licensing exam can be scheduled online through your eAccessNY account.

Aside from letting you schedule your exam online, this account also grants you access to view the details of your scheduled exam and your exam result when the exam is over.

Candidates with disabilities who require extra accessibility information and require testing modifications should call 518-474-4429 before scheduling their exam.

What is eAccessNY?

eAccessNY is the online occupational licensing management system for New York State. In the real estate industry, eAccessNY is used to do the following:

Schedule a real estate exam
Check exam results
Apply for a real estate license
Renew licenses
Update license information
Discover an accredited real estate school

Requirements for the New York Real Estate Exam

Let’s take a quick look at the requirements to register for the New York real estate exam:

You must be at least 18 years old.
You must have completed 77 hours of approved pre-licensing education from a Department of State-approved provider.
You must provide a current (non-expired) government-issued photo ID. Accepted forms include:
- NYS Driver’s License or Non-Driver ID card
- New York Mobile ID (MiD) — Note: Currently accepted only at Albany, Buffalo, Hauppauge, and NYC exam sites.
- IDNYC Card
- US Passport or Foreign Passport
- Employment Authorization Card (issued by USCIS)
- US Military ID
You must submit a complete application and the required application fee to the Department of State.

How Much Does the New York Real Estate Exam Cost?

Every candidate must pay a fee of $15 for the New York real estate exam, which can be made via credit card when scheduling online. If you do not pass the exam on the first try, subsequent retakes cost $15.

However, it is essential to note that this fee is not the only one you’d be paying while getting your real estate license. Here are some other costs that you can expect to incur:

An agent license application fee of: $65
Fingerprinting and scanning: $100

In total, you should expect to pay upwards to $180 for the New York real estate exam.

Where Do You Take the New York Real Estate License Exam?

All candidates must take the exam at an approved testing center. Here is a list of all the testing centers in the state:

Alb
Binghamton
Buffalo
Franklin Square
Hauppauge
New York City
Plattsburg
Pomona
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica

Can You Take the Exam Online?

You cannot take the New York real estate licensing exam online. All testing must be done at one of the approved locations throughout the state.

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What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam

On the day of your exam, you are required to bring the following:

Government issued ID
A printed copy of the Summary of Submission page that was provided after you scheduled your exam on eAccessNY. This page contains your candidate number and other important information
Calculators are allowed, provided they are silent, non-scientific, non-printing, solar/battery-powered, and do not have an alphabetic keyboard
Pencil

Take a Free NY Real Estate Exam

Here is a short 10-question New York exam to test your real estate knowledge. This free practice exam mimics our practice exams featured in our exam prep package. If you want the full package, tap the button below.

What Is on the New York Real Estate Exam?

The New York real estate exam is based on the topics covered in the 77-hour pre-licensing course. It covers the following topics:

Exam Category	Curriculum Weight	Est. Question Count
Law of Agency & Fiduciary Duties	High (15-18%)	12–14 Questions
Property Ownership & Land Use	High (12-15%)	10–12 Questions
Contracts (Sales, Leases, Listings)	High (12-15%)	10–12 Questions
Real Estate Finance & Mortgages	High (12-15%)	9–11 Questions
Real Estate License Law (Article 12-A)	Medium (10-12%)	7–9 Questions
Property Valuation & Appraisal	Medium (10-12%)	7–9 Questions
Real Estate Mathematics	Medium (8-12%)	6–8 Questions
Fair Housing & Human Rights Law	Medium (8-10%)	6–8 Questions
Transfer of Property (Deeds & Titles)	Lower (8-10%)	6–7 Questions

While the questions mostly pertain to real estate practice within New York, it is not uncommon to see some questions based on national content.

Will There Be Math on the Exam?

You can expect to come across a few math questions on your New York real estate exam. However, these questions are not likely to require complex calculations. If you encounter a math question you cannot quickly answer, the best thing to do is skip it and answer other questions.

If you still have some time left on your timer after you’re done with other questions, then you can revisit the skipped questions and take a shot at solving them.

Is the New York Real Estate Exam Hard?

Many who have taken the New York real estate exam have described it to be moderately difficult, just as you may expect any professional licensing exam to be. If you take studying seriously and prepare adequately, you might not find it difficult and stand a good chance of passing on your first try.

How Many Questions Are on the New York Real Estate Exam?

The New York real estate exam has 75 multiple-choice questions, and each candidate is given 90 minutes to complete the exam. You will need at least a 70% score to pass, which means you must answer 53 questions correctly.

What is the Passing Rate for the Real Estate Exam in New York?

For the New York real estate exam, recent data from 2025 shows the first-attempt pass rate is approximately 51% for salespersons and 52% for brokers. While historical averages often range between 58% and 63%, current industry reports indicate that the exam has become more challenging, with nearly 49% of first-time test-takers not passing on their initial try.

However, there is a strong upward trend for those who persevere: over 80% of candidates pass by their second attempt. With consistent study and the use of modern practice tools, you have a solid chance of being in the group that passes on the first try.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

You can take the New York real estate exam as many times as possible to pass it. All you have to do is log in to your eAccessNY account to schedule a new exam and pay the $15 fee. It usually takes around two weeks to get your result after the exam. Once the result is released, you can view it via your eAccessNY account, where you’ll see “Pass” or “Fail.”

How to Pass the New York Real Estate Exam

Becoming a real estate agent in New York is a big achievement. To increase your chances of passing this exam on your first try, here are some tips to be implemented into your daily preparation:

Create a Study Schedule

Making a study schedule is crucial to passing the real estate licensing exam. A well-planned schedule can help you stay organized, effectively manage your time, and increase your chances of success. Here are some steps to help you create a study schedule:

Calculate the time you have until the exam so you can pace your study by dividing your coursework into manageable chunks.
Make a schedule that details your study hours and topics to be covered. As a general guideline, it's best to study for a short while every night or at least every other night and take frequent breaks to maintain consistency and prevent burnout.
To keep things exciting and engaging, use various study techniques, including watching videos, flashcards, and reading textbooks.
Plan regular review sessions of the material you've covered in your schedule to ensure you remember what you have learned.
Schedule practice tests at regular intervals to assess your knowledge of a topic and determine where your study efforts should be concentrated.
When you achieve milestones in your study plan, treat yourself to something to stay motivated.

Get Guided Help

One of the best and simplest ways to prepare for your real estate licensing exam is to receive supervised assistance from a real estate school. With our exam prep, we've created a simple and enjoyable way to learn all you need to know to pass your real estate exam.

Here are some benefits of using our exam prep:

1,500+ New York real estate exam practice questions
Customizable practice state exams
Vocabulary flashcards
Video explanations
E-book study guide

Final Thoughts on the Real Estate Exam in New York

The New York real estate exam is no doubt a challenging one. However, the difficulty it poses depends solely on the preparation you have put in. To increase your chances of acing the exam on your first try, follow all the tips we have provided above.

Exam Prep

New Hampshire Real Estate Exam: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

How To

Planning

10 min.

To become a licensed real estate salesperson in New Hampshire, you must pass the state licensing exam. This article will guide you through everything you need to know about the New Hampshire real estate exam. Here's a breakdown of what you'll learn:

How to Schedule the New Hampshire Real Estate Licensing Exam
Requirements for Registering for the Exam
Cost of the Exam
Exam Locations
Exam Coverage
Difficulty Level of the Exam
Best Tips to Pass the Exam

Category	Details
Exam Fee	$67 (Initial or Retake)
Total Questions	120 Scored Items (80 National / 40 State)
Time Allotted	240 Minutes (4 Hours total)
Passing Score	National: 56/80 \| State: 28/40
Delivery Format	Computer-based (In-person or Online Proctored)

How to Schedule PSI New Hampshire Real Estate Licensing Exam

To apply for the New Hampshire real estate licensing exam, you must meet the following requirements:

Complete a 40-hour pre-licensing course. The cost for these courses typically ranges between $250 and $500.
Must be at least 18 years old. Additionally, a background check ($25) is necessary to ensure eligibility for the real estate license.

To apply for the New Hampshire real estate exam, you need to follow these steps:

Submit the Examination Registration Form to PSI: The Examination Registration Form should be submitted directly to PSI Services LLC, as outlined in the handbook. This process includes emailing the pre-licensing course affidavit, application form, and fee to PSI.
Payment of Real Estate Exam Fee: Along with the registration form, you must pay the examination fee—$67 for a first attempt and $65 for a retake for salesperson candidates; brokers pay $78 for the first attempt and $75 for a retake. Fees are paid online when you schedule the exam. However, the registration form and payment confirmation must also be mailed to the Real Estate Commission.
Schedule PSI NH Exam via PSI's Website or Phone: Once PSI has processed your application, you can schedule your exam. The New Hampshire salesperson examination can be scheduled on the PSI website or by phone at (855) 340-3711. The exams are administered only by appointment from Monday through Saturday at designated PSI Assessment Centers. Online-proctored sessions are available 7 days/week in expanded hours.

Where Do You Take the New Hampshire Real Estate License Exam?

The New Hampshire real estate exam can be taken at several locations. The available test centers in New Hampshire include:

Concord, NH
Nashua, NH
Portsmouth, NH

Can You Take the Exam Online?

PSI now offers the option to take the New Hampshire exam either at a test center or through secure live online proctoring.

You can choose to complete the exam in person at one of the designated PSI examination sites located within New Hampshire. Candidates must follow specific exam day guidelines, including arriving early and bringing the required forms of identification.

Alternatively, you can take the exam from the comfort of your own home using PSI’s convenient online proctoring system.

What to Bring on the Day of Your Exam?

On the day of your New Hampshire real estate exam, it's important to get to the testing center at least 30 minutes before your appointment time. This extra time is for you to sign in, present your identification, and familiarize yourself with the examination process.

Bring the following items with you to the exam center:

Two Forms of Identification:

One should be a valid, current, and unexpired government-issued ID with your signature and photograph. Examples include a passport or driver's license.
The second form of ID must have your signature and legal name, such as a credit card or debit card.

Only wallets, keys, and watches are allowed in the testing room, and you will get a soft locker to lock these in. All other items must be left outside.
Test Format and Rules:

The exam is taken on a computer.
It is not an open-book test.

These steps and requirements ensure a smooth and successful experience on your exam day.

Take a Free NH Real Estate Exam

Here is a short 10-question New Hampshire exam to test your real estate knowledge. This exam mimics our practice exams featured in our exam prep package. If you want the full package, tap the button below.

What is on the New Hampshire Real Estate Exam?

The New Hampshire real estate exam is divided into two main sections: the national portion and the state-specific portion. Here's a summary of what each section covers:

National Portion:

This part of the exam focuses on general real estate principles and practices applicable throughout the United States. Topics typically include:

Topic Area	Salesperson Weight (%)	Broker Weight (%)
Contracts	17%	18%
General Principles of Agency	13%	11%
Practice of Real Estate	13%	14%
Financing	10%	8%
Real Estate Calculations (Math)	10%	8%
Property Ownership	8%	10%
Transfer of Title	8%	7%
Valuation & Market Analysis	7%	7%
Property Disclosures	6%	7%
Land Use Controls & Regulations	5%	5%
Leasing & Property Management	3%	5%

State-Specific Portion:

This section covers laws, regulations, and practices unique to New Hampshire. Topics generally include:

NH Specific Topic Area	No. of Questions
Regulation of Agency Conduct	11
Regulation of Licensee Conduct	11
NH Principles and Practice	10
Licensure Requirements	5
NH Real Estate Commission	3

Per the information on the New Hampshire Real Estate Commission website, candidates are required to score a minimum of 56 points out of 80 on the national section of the exam. In the state-specific section, a minimum score of 28 out of 40 points is necessary.

Is the New Hampshire Real Estate Exam Hard?

The difficulty of the New Hampshire real estate exam can vary for each individual, but it is generally considered challenging. This is due to the comprehensive coverage of both national and state-specific real estate principles and practices.

The exam demands a deep understanding of various real estate concepts, which can be daunting for those who are new to the field or lack thorough preparation.

‍How Many Questions Are on the New Hampshire Real Estate Exam?

The New Hampshire Real Estate Exam consists of 120 questions, and you will have 240 minutes (4 hours) to complete it. To pass the New Hampshire Real Estate Salesperson Exam, you must score at least 70% on each section.

How Many Times Can You Take the Real Estate Exam?

In New Hampshire, you are allowed to retake the real estate licensing exam up to 8 times within a 6-month window. Otherwise, you will need to re-enroll into an accredited pre-license education course before retaking the exam.

Each time you retake the exam, you must submit the original score report to the New Hampshire Real Estate Commission, along with the required exam fee of $155. After completing these steps, you'll receive an email from PSI, which will allow you to go online or call to set up your next exam appointment.

How to Pass the New Hampshire Real Estate Exam

Achieving success in the New Hampshire real estate exam is largely influenced by the quality of your education and preparation. To enhance your chances of passing, particularly on the first attempt, a structured approach to studying is essential. Here are extended tips and ideas to help you make the most of studying:

Establish a Regular Study Routine:

Plan a schedule that balances study with daily life and incorporates frequent breaks to maintain focus. You would learn faster when you align study times with peak productivity periods.

Additionally, setting specific goals for each study session can help in covering all necessary topics systematically. Consistency is key; even short, daily study periods can be more effective than sporadic, lengthy sessions. This disciplined approach ensures a comprehensive coverage of the exam material, ultimately leading to a better performance on the exam day.

Implement Memory Aids:

Utilize acronyms and mnemonic devices as effective tools for memorizing and recalling key real estate concepts. These aids transform complex information into more digestible and retrievable formats, simplifying the learning process.

A good example of a real estate acronym is CCIM, which stands for ‘Certified Commercial Investment Member.’ A suitable mnemonic device detailing a property's four essential characteristics to have value would be “Don’t Utter Silly Things.”

Don’t for Demand
Utter for Utility
Silly for Scarcity
Things for Transferability

Engage in Study Groups:

Actively participate in study groups to collaborate with peers, and create a dynamic learning environment. These groups offer a platform for sharing diverse perspectives, insights, and problem-solving techniques, greatly enriching the learning experience.

Such collaboration not only reinforces individual understanding but also fosters a comprehensive grasp of complex real estate concepts through collective discussion and exchange of ideas. This approach is instrumental in enhancing your knowledge base and preparing more effectively for the exam.

Seek Expert Guidance:

Having to compile course notes, create flashcards by hand, and search for various videos to explain the several concepts in real estate can be a lot of hassle and would take away quality time that should be spent studying. This is why we built an online program that consolidates everything that you need to study and prepare for the real estate exam. Our exam prep package comes with:

1,500 Practice Questions: Tackle a wide array of questions similar to those on the actual exam.
Customizable State Exams: Adapt practice exams to focus on areas where you need the most practice.
Vocabulary Flashcards: Master key terms and concepts crucial for the exam.
Video Explanations: Visual learning aids to understand complex topics more easily.
E-Book Study Guide: A comprehensive guide covering all essential exam topics.

This combination of disciplined study habits, memory techniques, collaborative learning, and professional guidance is designed to maximize your chances of passing the New Hampshire real estate exam.

You can add real estate crash course videos. It's 8+ hours of video content that teaches you the concepts, vocabulary, historical events, and more. Led by our head instructor, Robert Rico, our crash course videos teaches you everything you need to know to pass on your first try.

Final Thoughts on the New Hampshire Real Estate Exam

Success in this exam is highly dependent on thorough preparation and a deep understanding of real estate principles. By committing to diligent study and fully grasping the various aspects of real estate, candidates significantly increase their likelihood of passing.

Enrolling in our exam prep package provides support and resources, including expert guidance, practice questions, and comprehensive study materials. This combination of self-discipline, strategic study approaches, and professional support is key to passing the New Hampshire real estate exam.

Exam Prep

US Realty Training Blog

How to Get a California Real Estate License (Step-by-Step Guide)

Top five articles

What is Real Estate Puffing?

What Is Real Estate Puffing?

Protecting Yourself From Puffing

Experience Matters

Realistic Selling Price

Due Diligence

Professional Opinions

Is Real Estate Puffing on the Real Estate Exam

Ethical Practices

Legal Knowledge

Client Communication

Risk Management

Final Thoughts on Puffing

Want to Be Better Prepared for Your Exam?

Real property vs. personal property: what stays in a sale

Quick answers

What is considered real property?

What is personal property in real estate?

How do you tell if something is a fixture? Use the MARIA test

M: Method of attachment

A: Adaptability

R: Relationship of the parties

I: Intention

A: Agreement

Are appliances real or personal property?

Are solar panels real or personal property?

Why does the difference matter in a real sale?

How does this show up on the real estate exam?

The takeaway

Real Estate Ownership Explained (Guide)

Sole Ownership:

Joint Tenancy:

Tenancy in Common:

Tenancy by the Entirety:

Community Property:

Final Thoughts:

Real Estate Law: Everything You Need to Know

What is Real Estate Law?

Understanding the Scope and Subject of Real Estate Law

What is a Deed in Real Estate?

Types of Deeds in Real Estate

Warranty Deed

Special Warranty Deed

Quitclaim Deed

Grant Deed

Summary of Deed Protections

Importance of a Properly Drafted Deed

Contents of a Real Estate Valuation Deed

What is a Holding Title?

Types of Ownership Titles

Importance of Selecting the Right Title

What is Zoning in Real Estate?

Key Elements of Zoning

The Role of Real Estate Lawyers in Zoning

How Do Taxes Work on Real Estate?

Types of Taxes Affecting Real Estate

Legal Issues Related to Real Estate Taxes

What is the Purpose of a Homeowner’s Association?

Common Issues Involving HOAs

Legal Representation for HOAs and Homeowners

Property Leasing and Tenancy

Key Elements of Lease Agreements

Legal Issues in Leasing and Tenancy

What is Short-Term Real Estate?

Key Legal Issues in Short-Term Rentals

Final Thoughts on Real Estate Law

Real Estate Math on the Exam (Ultimate Guide)

Quick FAQ

How much of the real estate exam is math?

What is the T-method and how does it solve real estate math?

Real estate math formulas you must know (with examples)

Fractions, decimals, and percentages refresher

Measurement and land conversions

Real estate math practice questions (with answers)

Free real estate math cheat sheet (download)

Get the free real estate math cheat sheet

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